Presentation of mpeb (mpmkvvcl)

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1. Industrial Visit Presentation Sagar institute of research and technology , bhopal 462041

2. SAGAR INSTITUTION OF RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL 402041 An Industrial Visit-Presentation On Power Transmission And Distribution At MPMKVVCL (Power Distribution Training Center) Presented By: name ________ Under The Guidance Of Proff. ________ mam

3. Introduction Of MPMKVVCL Madhya Pradesh Madhya Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited (MPMKVVCL) was incorporated as a wholly owned Government Company on 31st May 2002, under the Companies Act 1956. The same has been notified vide order No. 5555/RS/4/13/2001 dated 1st July 2002 of the Government of Madhya Pradesh. The Company undertakes the activities of distribution and retail supply in the areas covered by the Commissioners of Bhopal, Hoshangabad, Gwalior, and Chambal.

4. TRANSFORMER

5. Transformer A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across a second coil wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the two circuits

6. Principle of operation It is based on principle of MUTUAL INDUCTION. According to which an e.m.f . is induced in a coil when current in the neighbouring coil changes.

7. Working of a transformer 1. When current in the primary coil changes being alternating in nature, a changing magnetic field is produced 2. This changing magnetic field gets associated with the secondary through the soft iron core 3. Hence magnetic flux linked with the secondary coil changes. 4. Which induces e.m.f . in the secondary.

8. Parts Of Transformer Laminated Core Breather LT Winding

9. Secondary Winding Power Transformer

10. Phasor Diagram Of Transformer With UPF Load

11. Phasor Diagram Of Transformer With Lagging P.F Load

12. Phasor Diagram Of Transformer With Leading P.F Load

13. Transformer Manufacturing Process

14. ENERGY METER TESTING

15. ENERGY METER TESTING We cannot think of life without electricity and when there is electricity consumption there is a need to measure its consumption. Here energy meter comes into picture. In every residence, malls, industry, everywhere energy meters are used to measure the electrical energy consumed. Those consumers which consume large energy needs better technology to manage their energy consumption and need more data to improve their services. Improvement in energy meter technology has increased the value-added features such as remote sensing, LCD display, recording of tempering events, and many more quality monitoring features in it, along with compactness of size. But it has raised the problem of electromagnetic interference which affects the performance of the equipment. So for better reliability, energy meters have to pass through various electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests where meters are compared under various normal and abnormal conditions with a laboratory to ensure its accuracy in the field.

16. Standard Tests For Energy Meters The performance tests of an energy meter as per IEC standards are divided mainly in three segments which include its mechanical aspects, electrical circuiting, and climatic conditions. Mechanical component tests. Climatic conditions test include those limits which influence the performance of the meter externally. Electrical requirements covered many tests before giving accuracy certificate. Under this segment, energy meter is tested for: Heating effect Proper insulation Supply of voltage Protection to earth fault Electromagnetic compatibility

17. TESTS OF METERS Electromagnetic Compatibility Test An electromagnetic compatible test is the most important test which finally ensures the accuracy of the energy meter. This test is fragmented in two parts- one is Emission tests, and the other is Immunity test. The electromagnetic interference problem is very common today. Those circuits in use today, can emit electromagnetic energy which can affect the performance and reliability of both its inner circuitry and the nearby equipment. EMI can travel through conduction or by radiation. When EMI goes through the wire or through cables, it is called conduction. When it travels through free space, it is called radiation. Emission Test In an electronic system, there are many components like switching elements, chokes, circuit layout, rectifying diodes and much more which produce EMI. This test ensures that the energy meter does not affect the performance of the nearby instruments or we can say that it ensures that it does not conduct or radiate EMI beyond a definite limit. There are two types of emission test based on the EMI escapes from the system.

18. Immunity Test The emission test ensures that meter does not work as the source for EMI for other nearby equipment; similarly immunity test ensures that meter does not work as a receptor and properly function in the presence of EMI. Again, immunity tests are of two types based on radiation and conduction. Conducted immunity test- These tests ensure that meter’s functioning do not get disturbed if it is in the blanket of EMI. The electromagnetic interference source either in contact through data, interface lines, power lines, or by contact. Radiated immunity test- During this test, meter functioning is monitored and if it gets affected by EMI present in the surrounding area, that fault is recognized and corrected their only. It also is known as the electromagnetic high-frequency field test. Radiations generated by sources like small handheld radio transceivers, transmitters, switches, welders, fluorescent lights, switches, operating inductive loads etc.

19. Types of Energy Meters and Their Working Principles: Energy Meter or Watt-Hour Meter is an electrical instrument that measures the amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. Utilities are one of the electrical departments, which install these instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations, commercial buildings to charge for the electricity consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerator, and other home appliances. The basic unit of power is watts and it is measured by using a watt meter. One thousand watts make one kilowatt. If one uses one kilowatt in one-hour duration, one unit of energy gets consumed. So energy meters measure the rapid voltage and currents, calculate their product and give instantaneous power. This power is integrated over a time interval, which gives the energy utilized over that time period.

20. Classification Of Energy Meter Electromechanical Type Induction Meter Electronic Energy Meter

21. Transformer oil Testing

22. Transformer oil (also known as insulating oil) is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. Transformer oil is used in oil-filled electrical power transformers to insulate , stop arcing and corona discharge , and to dissipate the heat of the transformer (i.e. act as a coolant ). Transformer Oil: Testing, Types & Properties

23. Transformer Oil Types There are two main types of transformer oil used in transformers : Paraffin based transformer oil Naphtha based transformer oil Transformer Oil Properties The properties (or parameters) of transformer oil are: Electrical properties: Dielectric strength, specific resistance , dielectric dissipation factor. Chemical properties: Water content, acidity, sludge content. Physical properties: Interfacial tension, viscosity, flash point, pour point.

24. Why is Transformer Oil Testing Important Transformer oil testing is important to: Determine essential electrical properties of transformer oil. Identify if a certain oil is suitable for future use Detect whether regeneration or filtration is needed Reduce oil costs and enhance component life Prevent untimely failures and maximize safety

25. Substation

26. Power is generated fairly in the level of low voltage level; however, it is inexpensive to supply the power at a high-voltage level. For preserving high and low voltage levels a number of switching as well as transformation stations have to be produced among the generating place & customer ends. Generally, these two stations are named as electrical substations. This article discusses different types of substations Substation

27. List of Electrical Substation Equipment Instrument Transformers Current Transformer Potential Transformer Conductors Insulators Isolators Busbars Lightning Arrestors Circuit Breakers Relays Capacitor Banks Batteries WaveTrapper SwitchYard Metering and Indication Instruments Equipment for Carrier Current Prevention from Surge Voltage The Outgoing Feeders