presentation on biosurfactants bioemulsifiers

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1. presentation on biosurfactants & bioemulsifiers Submitted by Submitted to Name- Bandita Nayak Reg.No - 20180402003 M.Sc 2 nd Semester Dr.Ashish Sachan Associate Professor Dr. Anil Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Life Sciences

2. BIOSURFACTANTS

3. 3 Biosurfactants are surface active biomolecules produced by microorganisms with wide range of applications. They are used as emulsifiers , demulsifiers,wetting agents,foaming agents,spreading agents etc. INTRODUCTION

4. 4 Due to their unique functional properties, Biosurfactants were used in several industries,including organic chemicals,petroleum,petrochemicals,mining,metallurgy (mainly bioleaching), agrochemicals,fertilizers,foods , beverages,cosmetics,pharmaceuticals and many others. The three major functions played by biosurfactants include :- They are used to increase the surface area of hydrophobic substrates. Biosurfactants increase the bioavailability of hydrocarbon substrates through solubilization / desorption. They can regulate the attachment and removal of microorganisms from the surfaces.

5. 5 PROPERTIES Surface & Interface activity Temperature & Ph Tolerance Biodegradability Low toxicity Emulsion breaking & Emulsion forming Antiadhesive agents

6. 6 TYPES OF BIOSURFACTANTS GLYCOLIPID : These carbohydrates are linked to long chain aliphatic acids or hydroxyaliphatic acids by an ester group. They can be of many types such as : RHAMNOLIPIDS : One or two molecules of rhamnose are linked to one or two molecules of hydroxydecanoic acid.It is one of the principal glycolipids produced by P . aeruginosa . TETRAHALOLIPIDS : These are associated with most species of Mycobacterium,Nocardia and Corynebacterium . SOPHOROLIPIDS : These are produced by yeasts and consist of a dimeric carbohydrate sophorose linked to a long chain hydroxyl fatty acid by glycosidic linkage.

7. 7 SURFACTIN : These biosurfactants are composed of a seven amino acid ring structure coupled to a fatty acid chain via lactone linkage and are able to reduce the surface tension and interfacial tension of water. LICHENYSIN :It is produced by B . licheniformis and exhibit excellent stability under extreme temperature,pH , and salt conditions. FATTY ACIDS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS,NEUTRAL LIPIDS : These are produced by bacteria & yeast during growth on n- alkanes POLYMERIC BIOSURFACTANT : These includes emulsan,alasan,lipomanan etc. PARTICULATE BIOSURFACTANT : These form the extracellular membrane vesicles partition to form a microemulsion which plays an important role in alkane uptake by microbial cells. LIPOPEPTIDES & LIPOPROTEINS :These consist of a lipid attached to a polypeptide chain

8. 8 STRUCTURE OF BIOSURFACTANT

9. 9 SOURCES OF BIOSURFACTANT

10. 10 APPLICATIONS

11. 11 The various applications of biosurfactants include the following: FOOD INDUSTRIES : 1.controls the aggregation of fat globules. 2.stabilization of aerated systems. 3.improvement of texture & self life of products containing starch. 4.modification of rheological properties of wheat dough. 5.improvement of constancy and texture fat based products. 6.controls consistancy in bakery,icecream formulations, improvement in the stability of dough.

12. 12 REMOVAL OF OIL & PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION Several species of P.aeruginosa and P.subtilis produce Rhamnolipid and surfactin which increases solubility and bioavailability of a petroleum mixture and also stimulate indigenous microorganisms for enhanced biodegradation of diesel contaminated soil. Biosurfactants increase the apparent solubility of these organic compounds at concentrations above the Critical Micelle Concentration(CMC) which enhance their availability for microbial uptake.

13. 13 BIOREMEDIATION OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS It involves the acceleration of natural biodegradative processes in contaminated environments by improving availability of materials (nutrients and oxygen),conditions (pH and moisture content ) and prevailing microorganisms.

14. 14 Bioremediation usually consists of the application of nitrogenous and phosphorous fertilizers adjusting the pH and the water content ;if necessary ,supplying air and often adding bacteria. Bioemulsifiers can be applied as an additive to stimulate the bioremediation process with advanced genetic technologies it is expected that increase in bioemulsifier concentration during bioremediation would be achieved by the addition of bacteria that produce bioemulsifier . Additions of solubilization agents such as Biosurfactants to the system enhance the bioavailability of low solubility and highly sorptive compounds.

15. 15 MECHANISM BEHIND BIOREMEDIATION Increasing the surface area of hydrophobic water of insoluble substrates. Increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic water insoluble substrates. FUTURE TRENDS A promising approach seems to be the application of inoculants of biosurfactant producing bacteria in phytoremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soil to improve the efficiency of this technology. Careful & controlled use of these interacting surface active molecules can help in enhanced clean up of toxic environmental pollutants.

16. 16 BIOEMULSIFIERS

17. 17 INTRODUCTION Emulsifiers are surface active biomolecule materials due to their unique features over chemical surfactants such as nontoxicity,biodegradability , foaming,biocompatibility , efficiency at low concentrations,high selectivityin different pH, temperature & salinities. Emulsions are either oil-in-water(O/W)or water-in-oil(W/O)

18. 18 FUNCTIONS OF EMULSIFIERS STARCH REACTION : Most emulsifiers have a lean fatty acid layer in their molecule to form an amylose mixture which prevents bakery products from staling. GENERATING INTERACTION WITH PROTEINS : Emulsifiers have ionic structure which react with proteins in food products and produce a modifiable structure. ADHESION CORRECTION : Emulsifiers are added to food products,containing sugar crystals that are scattered in fat and by coating on glucose crystals to reduce adhesion . CREATING FOAM : It helps in creating foam in raw instant desserts. TISSUE MODIFICATION : It is a complex process that is performed on starch and reduces break down. MODIFYING THE DISPERSION OF LIQUID : Emulsifiers are used to formulate clear solutions.

19. 19 THE SCHEMATIC AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BIOEMULSIFIERS IN EMULSION SYSTEM

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21. 21 Today due to emulsifier effect on human health and limited resources as well as expensivity,researches have produced emulsifiers using natural resources ,especially microorganisms such as: 1 . YEAST 2.FUNGI 3.BACTERIA A number of these bioemulsifiers have been licensed by the International Organization For Animal Health including WHO.

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24. 25 CONCLUSION The combination of particular characteristics such as emulsifying , antiadhesive and microbial activities presented by biosurfactants suggests potential application as multipurpose ingredients or additives.The prospect of new types of surface active compounds from microorganisms can contribute for the detection of different molecules in terms of structure and properties Nowadays emulsifiers are widely used in the food and drug industry . Therefore using emulsifiers derived from natural resources are preferred to synthetic emulsifiers because of their nutritional benifits .

25. THANK YOU !