PRESENTATION ON DIURETIC AGENTS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Diuretics are Used to prevent and alleviate edema and ascitis. Used in hypertension and diabetes insipidus, also used in the treatment of Acute renal failure
Pulmonary edema.
Nephritic syndrome
Glaucoma
High intracranial pressure

1. By-
Dr. Prerana B. Jadhav
M. Pharm, Ph.D.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Assistant Professor,
SanjivaniCollege of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Kopargaon.
DIURETICS

2. Introduction
•Kidneysremovewasteproductsfromthe
bloodandproduceurine.Kidneyscontrolthe
levelsofmanysubstancesintheblood.
Kidneyshelptocontrolthebloodpressure.

3. DIURETICS

4. •Diuretics results in decrease in body fluids
(extracellular fluids)
•Four major sites of Nephronthat are
responsible for reabsorption
•1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
•2. Ascending Loop of Henle
•3. Distal Convoluted Tubule
•4. Collecting Duct

7. Functions of Diuretics
•Usedtopreventandalleviateedemaandascitis(buildoffluidinspace
betweentheliningofabdomenandabdominalorgans)
•Usedinhypertensionanddiabetesinsipidus(causedbyproblemwith
hormoneargininevasopressinwhichplayskeyroleinregulatingthe
amountoffluidinthebody)
•Acuterenalfailure
•Pulmonaryedema.
•Nephriticsyndrome
•Glaucoma
•Highintracranialpressure

8. Classification of Diuretics
•Carbonic anhydraseinhibitors:
Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide.
•Thiazides:
Chlorthiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide
•Loop diuretics:
Furosemide, Bumetanide, Ethacrynicacid.
•Potassium sparing Diuretics:
Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride.
•Osmotic Diuretics:
Mannitol

9. Carbonic AnhydraseInhibitors

14. ThiazideDiuretics

18. Osmotic Diuretics
•Inhibitswaterreabsorptionintheproximalconvoluted
tubule,loopofhenle&collectingduct,where
membraneismostpermeabletowater.
•Ex.Mannitol:Ithinderstubularreabsorptionofwater
andenhancesexcretionofsodium&chlorideby
elevatingtheosmolarityofglomerularfiltrate.

19. Uses:
•Management of cerebral edema
•Diagnostic agent for kidney function
•To increase urine volume in patients with
acute renal failure.

20. LOOP DIURETIC

24. •MOA:Competitiveinhibitionofsodium-potassium-chloride
cotransporters(NKCC2)expressedalongthesetubulesinthe
nephron,preventingthetransportofsodiumionsfromthe
lumenalsidereabsorption.Thisinhibitionresultsinincreased
excretionofwateralongwithsodium,chloride,magnesium,
calcium,hydrogen,andpotassiumions
•USES:Loopdiureticsaremedicationsusedin
themanagementandtreatmentoffluidoverloadconditions
suchasheartfailure,nephroticsyndromeorcirrhosis,and
hypertension