Presentation on Football (Soccer)

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About This Presentation

Class 12 Presentation on Football of Physical Education. History, Rules, Dimensions etc. of Football in Presentation of subject of HPE/PHE.


Slide Content

FOOTBALL
Name
Aaditya
Pandey
ClassXII -D
Roll No.1

History
ModernfootballoriginatedinBritaininthe19thcentury.Sincebeforemedievaltimes,“folk
football”gameshadbeenplayedintownsandvillagesaccordingtolocalcustomsandwitha
minimumofrules.Industrializationandurbanization,whichreducedtheamountofleisuretime
andspaceavailabletotheworkingclass,combinedwithahistoryoflegalprohibitionsagainst
particularlyviolentanddestructiveformsoffolkfootballtounderminethegame’sstatusfrom
theearly19thcenturyonward.However,footballwastakenupasawintergamebetween
residencehousesatpublic(independent)schoolssuchasWinchester,Charterhouse,andEton.
Eachschoolhaditsownrules;someallowedlimitedhandlingoftheballandothersdidnot.The
varianceinrulesmadeitdifficultforpublicschoolboysenteringuniversitytocontinueplaying
exceptwithformerschoolmates.Asearlyas1843anattempttostandardizeandcodifythe
rulesofplaywasmadeattheUniversityofCambridge,whosestudentsjoinedmostpublic
schoolsin1848inadoptingthese“Cambridgerules,”whichwerefurtherspreadbyCambridge
graduateswhoformedfootballclubs.In1863aseriesofmeetingsinvolvingclubsfrom
metropolitanLondonandsurroundingcountiesproducedtheprintedrulesoffootball,which
prohibitedthecarryingoftheball.Thus,the“handling”gameofrugbyremainedoutsidethe
newlyformedFootballAssociation(FA).Indeed,by1870allhandlingoftheballexceptbythe
goalkeeperwasprohibitedbytheFA.

History
Thenewruleswerenotuniversallyacceptedin
Britain,however;manyclubsretainedtheirown
rules,especiallyinandaroundSheffield.Although
thisnorthernEnglishcitywasthehomeofthe
firstprovincialclubtojointheFA,in1867italso
gavebirthtotheSheffieldFootballAssociation,
theforerunneroflatercountyassociations.
SheffieldandLondonclubsplayedtwomatches
againsteachotherin1866,andayearlatera
matchpittingaclubfromMiddlesexagainstone
fromKentandSurreywasplayedunderthe
revisedrules.In187115FAclubsacceptedan
invitationtoenteracupcompetitionandto
contributetothepurchaseofatrophy.By1877
theassociationsofGreatBritainhadagreedupon
auniformcode,43clubswereincompetition,and
theLondonclubs’initialdominancehaddiminished.

Specification
Afootballis28–30cm
(11–12in)longand58–62
cm(23–24in)in
circumferenceatits
widestpoint.Itweighs
410–460g(14–16oz)and
isinflatedto65.7–68.8
kPa(9.5–10.0psi).

Measurement of Field
Thepitchisrectangularinshape.Thelongersidesarecalledtouchlines.The
otheropposingsidesarecalledthegoallines.Thetwogoallinesmustbe
between45and90m(50and100yd)wide,andbethesamelength.Thetwo
touchlinesmustbebetween90and120m(100and130yd)long,andbethe
samelength.
Forinternationalmatchesthegoallinesmustbebetween64and75m(70and
80yd)wide,andthetouchlinesmustbebetween100and110m(110and120
yd)long.
Goalsareplacedatthecentreofeachgoal-line.Theseconsistoftwoupright
postsplacedequidistantfromthecornerflagposts,joinedatthetopbya
horizontalcrossbar.Theinneredgesofthepostsmustbe7.32metres(8yd)
apart,andtheloweredgeofthecrossbarmustbe2.44metres(8ft)above
theground.

Measurement of Field

Major Rules
Amatchconsistsoftwo45minuteshalveswitha15minuterestperiodinbetween.
Eachteamcanhaveaminimumoff11playersandaminimumof7playersareneeded
toconstituteamatch.
Eachteamcannameupto7substituteplayers.Substitutionscanbemadeatany
timeofthematchwitheachteambeingabletomakeamaximumof3substitutions
perside.Intheeventofallthreesubstitutesbeingmadeandaplayerhavingtoleave
thefieldforinjurytheteamwillbeforcedtoplaywithoutareplacementforthat
player.
Eachgamemustincludeonerefereeandtwoassistantreferees.It'sthejobofthe
refereetoactastimekeeperandmakeanydecisionswhichmayneedtobemade
suchasfouls,freekicks,throwins,penaltiesandaddedontimeattheendofeach
half.<li>Ifthegameneedstoheadtoextratimeasaresultofbothteamsbeinglevel
inamatchthen30minuteswillbeaddedintheformoftwo15minutehalvesafter
theallotted90minutes.
Ifteamsarestilllevelafterextratimethenapenaltyshootoutmusttakeplace.
Thewholeballmustcrossthegoallineforittoconstituteasagoal.

Major Fouls
Kicking(ortryingtokick)anopponent
Trippinganopponent
Jumpingatanopponent
Charginganopponentinparticularly
dangerousorviolentway
Charginganopponentfrombehindina
violentway
Strikingorattemptingtostrikean
opponent
Holdinganopponent
Pushinganopponent
Touchingtheballwithyourhands
(handlingtheball)

Fundamental Skill
1.Passing:Passingisoneofthemostfundamentalskillsin
soccer,asitishowyoumovetheballfromyourselfto
anotherteammate.
2.ReceivingaPass:Whetheryouarereceivingapassthat
isonthegroundortravelingthroughtheair,youwillwantto
squareyourshoulderstothedirectiontheballiscoming
from.
3.Shooting:Thereareanumberofunconventionalwaysto
scoreagoal,butthefundamentalwaytotrytoscoreisby
takingashot.
4.Dribbling:Outsideofpassing,dribblingistheprimary
methodofmovingtheballupthefield.
5.Goalkeeping:Thegoalkeeperisthelastlineofdefense,in
chargeofdoingwhateverpossibletokeeptheballoutofthe
net.

Terminology
•AdditionalTime:Minutesaddedtotheendofhalfs,basedontimeusedupduringstoppages
•Attacker:Aplayerwhoseroleisprimarilyoffensiveandwhomustcreategoal-scoringopportunities.
•Booking:Whentherefereeacknowledgesafoulbytheoffender.
•Captain:Aplayerwhoorganizesandleadstheteamonthefield.
•Centrespot:Thespotonwhichtheballisplacedatthebeginningofthegame.
•Cleansheet:Whenateamdoesnotconcedeagoalinagame.
•Clearance:Whenaplayerkickstheballawayfromtheirowngoaltopreventtheoppositionfrom
scoring.
•Deadball:Whereagameisresumedandtheballisstationary.
•Defender:Playerswhoseroleistostopptheoppositionfromscoring.
•Deflection:Whenashotorpassmakescontactwithanotherbodyanditstrajectoryisalteredasa
result.
•Firsttouch:Anactionmadebyaplayerwhichinvolvescontrollingtheballuponreceivingit.
•Free-kick:Awardedtoplayerswhoarefouledoutsideofthepenaltyarea.Friendly-exhibitionmatch.
•Goalkeeper:Aplayer’swhoseroleistopreventtheoppositionfromscoringbyusingtheirhands.
•Half-time:Aninterval,usuallyofaroundfifteenminutes,takenbetweenthetwohalvesofamatch.
•Half-volley:Ashotstruckbyaplayeratthesamemomentaballdropsandmakescontactwiththe
ground.
•Handball:Afoulisawardedagainsttheplayerwhentheplayerusestheirhandtomakecontactwith
theball.

Terminology
•Injurytime:Anothertermfor‘extratime’.
•Killtheball:Whenaplayerstopstheballfrom
movingatthatmoment.
•ManoftheMatch:Anawardgiventothebest
playerinagame.
•Midfielder:Playerswhoplayintheareabetweenthe
attackersanddefenders
•Own-goal:Whenaplayerkickstheballintotheirown
net.
•Penalty:Awardedtoateamwhenoneoftheir
players’isfouledinsidethepenaltyareaofthe
opposition.
•Pitchinvasion:Whenspectatorsrunontothepitch.
•RedCard:Aplayermustleavethefieldimmediately
whentheyreceivearedcardafterseveralfouls.
•Referee:Mainmatchofficialinchargeofthe
assistantrefereesandfourthofficialwhooversees
thegame.
•Yellowcard:Awardedtoaplayerthatcommitsa
objectionableoffence. Piitch Invasion

Popular Indian Players
S u n i l C h h e t r i G u r p r e e tS i n g hS a n d h u
S a n d e s hJ h i n g a nJ e j eL a l p e k h l u aP r o n a yH a l d e r

Pouular International Players
L i o n e l M e s s i C r i s t i a n o R o n a l d o
H a r r y K a n e N e y m a r K y l i a nM b a p p é

Indian Tournaments
1.Indian Super League
2.I-League
3.Super Cup
4.Santosh Trophy
5.India Women's League

International Tournaments
1.Champions League
2.European
Championship
3.Europa League
4.Premier League
5.FA Cup

Trophies Associated
FIFAWorldCupTrophy:TheFIFAworldcuptrophyisarguablythemostsoughtafter
trophyinthewholeworld.Thesenseofprideandaccomplishmentthewinningteamgetfrom
holdingthistrophymustbeincredible.Whenateamwinsthistrophy,it’snotjustthemthat
arehappyeither.Aworldcupwincanuniteacountry.Spreadingahealthywaveofjoyand
winningspiritthroughoutanation.
AfricaCupofNations:Takingplaceeverytwoyears,theAfricaCupofNationsinvolvesthe
25bestfootballclubsinAfrica.Firstheldin1957,theteamsbattlethroughoutthe
tournamenttoprovetheyarethebestinthecontinent.Egyptiscurrentlythemost
successfulteam,with7winstotheirname.Thecurrenttrophyisagoldplatedcupwhichwas
madeinItaly.Thebeautifultrophyfeaturesamodeloftheearthwhichissurroundedby
footballs.
ConfederationsCup:TheConfederationsCupisheldinthesamecountrythatwillhostthe
WorldCupthefollowingyear.Thetrophyconsistsofagoldenglobewhichsitsontopofa
twistedcolumn.Thecolumnhas“twogoldribbons[that]arewrappedaroundthecentralbody
inafestive,dynamicmovement.”.Thedesignisnotdissimilartotheworldcuptrophy,which
alsofeaturesagoldenglobeandatwistedcolumn.

FOOTBALL
Name
Aaditya
Pandey
ClassXII -D
Roll No.1
ThankYou
foryour
Attention