Presentation on Football (Soccer)

Class 12 Presentation on Football of Physical Education. History, Rules, Dimensions etc. of Football in Presentation of subject of HPE/PHE.

1. FOOTBALL
Name
Aaditya
Pandey
ClassXII -D
Roll No.1

2. History
ModernfootballoriginatedinBritaininthe19thcentury.Sincebeforemedievaltimes,“folk
football”gameshadbeenplayedintownsandvillagesaccordingtolocalcustomsandwitha
minimumofrules.Industrializationandurbanization,whichreducedtheamountofleisuretime
andspaceavailabletotheworkingclass,combinedwithahistoryoflegalprohibitionsagainst
particularlyviolentanddestructiveformsoffolkfootballtounderminethegame’sstatusfrom
theearly19thcenturyonward.However,footballwastakenupasawintergamebetween
residencehousesatpublic(independent)schoolssuchasWinchester,Charterhouse,andEton.
Eachschoolhaditsownrules;someallowedlimitedhandlingoftheballandothersdidnot.The
varianceinrulesmadeitdifficultforpublicschoolboysenteringuniversitytocontinueplaying
exceptwithformerschoolmates.Asearlyas1843anattempttostandardizeandcodifythe
rulesofplaywasmadeattheUniversityofCambridge,whosestudentsjoinedmostpublic
schoolsin1848inadoptingthese“Cambridgerules,”whichwerefurtherspreadbyCambridge
graduateswhoformedfootballclubs.In1863aseriesofmeetingsinvolvingclubsfrom
metropolitanLondonandsurroundingcountiesproducedtheprintedrulesoffootball,which
prohibitedthecarryingoftheball.Thus,the“handling”gameofrugbyremainedoutsidethe
newlyformedFootballAssociation(FA).Indeed,by1870allhandlingoftheballexceptbythe
goalkeeperwasprohibitedbytheFA.

3. History
Thenewruleswerenotuniversallyacceptedin
Britain,however;manyclubsretainedtheirown
rules,especiallyinandaroundSheffield.Although
thisnorthernEnglishcitywasthehomeofthe
firstprovincialclubtojointheFA,in1867italso
gavebirthtotheSheffieldFootballAssociation,
theforerunneroflatercountyassociations.
SheffieldandLondonclubsplayedtwomatches
againsteachotherin1866,andayearlatera
matchpittingaclubfromMiddlesexagainstone
fromKentandSurreywasplayedunderthe
revisedrules.In187115FAclubsacceptedan
invitationtoenteracupcompetitionandto
contributetothepurchaseofatrophy.By1877
theassociationsofGreatBritainhadagreedupon
auniformcode,43clubswereincompetition,and
theLondonclubs’initialdominancehaddiminished.

4. Specification
Afootballis28–30cm
(11–12in)longand58–62
cm(23–24in)in
circumferenceatits
widestpoint.Itweighs
410–460g(14–16oz)and
isinflatedto65.7–68.8
kPa(9.5–10.0psi).

5. Measurement of Field
Thepitchisrectangularinshape.Thelongersidesarecalledtouchlines.The
otheropposingsidesarecalledthegoallines.Thetwogoallinesmustbe
between45and90m(50and100yd)wide,andbethesamelength.Thetwo
touchlinesmustbebetween90and120m(100and130yd)long,andbethe
samelength.
Forinternationalmatchesthegoallinesmustbebetween64and75m(70and
80yd)wide,andthetouchlinesmustbebetween100and110m(110and120
yd)long.
Goalsareplacedatthecentreofeachgoal-line.Theseconsistoftwoupright
postsplacedequidistantfromthecornerflagposts,joinedatthetopbya
horizontalcrossbar.Theinneredgesofthepostsmustbe7.32metres(8yd)
apart,andtheloweredgeofthecrossbarmustbe2.44metres(8ft)above
theground.

6. Measurement of Field

7. Major Rules
Amatchconsistsoftwo45minuteshalveswitha15minuterestperiodinbetween.
Eachteamcanhaveaminimumoff11playersandaminimumof7playersareneeded
toconstituteamatch.
Eachteamcannameupto7substituteplayers.Substitutionscanbemadeatany
timeofthematchwitheachteambeingabletomakeamaximumof3substitutions
perside.Intheeventofallthreesubstitutesbeingmadeandaplayerhavingtoleave
thefieldforinjurytheteamwillbeforcedtoplaywithoutareplacementforthat
player.
Eachgamemustincludeonerefereeandtwoassistantreferees.It'sthejobofthe
refereetoactastimekeeperandmakeanydecisionswhichmayneedtobemade
suchasfouls,freekicks,throwins,penaltiesandaddedontimeattheendofeach
half.<li>Ifthegameneedstoheadtoextratimeasaresultofbothteamsbeinglevel
inamatchthen30minuteswillbeaddedintheformoftwo15minutehalvesafter
theallotted90minutes.
Ifteamsarestilllevelafterextratimethenapenaltyshootoutmusttakeplace.
Thewholeballmustcrossthegoallineforittoconstituteasagoal.

8. Major Fouls
Kicking(ortryingtokick)anopponent
Trippinganopponent
Jumpingatanopponent
Charginganopponentinparticularly
dangerousorviolentway
Charginganopponentfrombehindina
violentway
Strikingorattemptingtostrikean
opponent
Holdinganopponent
Pushinganopponent
Touchingtheballwithyourhands
(handlingtheball)

9. Fundamental Skill
1.Passing:Passingisoneofthemostfundamentalskillsin
soccer,asitishowyoumovetheballfromyourselfto
anotherteammate.
2.ReceivingaPass:Whetheryouarereceivingapassthat
isonthegroundortravelingthroughtheair,youwillwantto
squareyourshoulderstothedirectiontheballiscoming
from.
3.Shooting:Thereareanumberofunconventionalwaysto
scoreagoal,butthefundamentalwaytotrytoscoreisby
takingashot.
4.Dribbling:Outsideofpassing,dribblingistheprimary
methodofmovingtheballupthefield.
5.Goalkeeping:Thegoalkeeperisthelastlineofdefense,in
chargeofdoingwhateverpossibletokeeptheballoutofthe
net.

10. Terminology
•AdditionalTime:Minutesaddedtotheendofhalfs,basedontimeusedupduringstoppages
•Attacker:Aplayerwhoseroleisprimarilyoffensiveandwhomustcreategoal-scoringopportunities.
•Booking:Whentherefereeacknowledgesafoulbytheoffender.
•Captain:Aplayerwhoorganizesandleadstheteamonthefield.
•Centrespot:Thespotonwhichtheballisplacedatthebeginningofthegame.
•Cleansheet:Whenateamdoesnotconcedeagoalinagame.
•Clearance:Whenaplayerkickstheballawayfromtheirowngoaltopreventtheoppositionfrom
scoring.
•Deadball:Whereagameisresumedandtheballisstationary.
•Defender:Playerswhoseroleistostopptheoppositionfromscoring.
•Deflection:Whenashotorpassmakescontactwithanotherbodyanditstrajectoryisalteredasa
result.
•Firsttouch:Anactionmadebyaplayerwhichinvolvescontrollingtheballuponreceivingit.
•Free-kick:Awardedtoplayerswhoarefouledoutsideofthepenaltyarea.Friendly-exhibitionmatch.
•Goalkeeper:Aplayer’swhoseroleistopreventtheoppositionfromscoringbyusingtheirhands.
•Half-time:Aninterval,usuallyofaroundfifteenminutes,takenbetweenthetwohalvesofamatch.
•Half-volley:Ashotstruckbyaplayeratthesamemomentaballdropsandmakescontactwiththe
ground.
•Handball:Afoulisawardedagainsttheplayerwhentheplayerusestheirhandtomakecontactwith
theball.

11. Terminology
•Injurytime:Anothertermfor‘extratime’.
•Killtheball:Whenaplayerstopstheballfrom
movingatthatmoment.
•ManoftheMatch:Anawardgiventothebest
playerinagame.
•Midfielder:Playerswhoplayintheareabetweenthe
attackersanddefenders
•Own-goal:Whenaplayerkickstheballintotheirown
net.
•Penalty:Awardedtoateamwhenoneoftheir
players’isfouledinsidethepenaltyareaofthe
opposition.
•Pitchinvasion:Whenspectatorsrunontothepitch.
•RedCard:Aplayermustleavethefieldimmediately
whentheyreceivearedcardafterseveralfouls.
•Referee:Mainmatchofficialinchargeofthe
assistantrefereesandfourthofficialwhooversees
thegame.
•Yellowcard:Awardedtoaplayerthatcommitsa
objectionableoffence. Piitch Invasion

12. Popular Indian Players
S u n i l C h h e t r i G u r p r e e tS i n g hS a n d h u
S a n d e s hJ h i n g a nJ e j eL a l p e k h l u aP r o n a yH a l d e r

13. Pouular International Players
L i o n e l M e s s i C r i s t i a n o R o n a l d o
H a r r y K a n e N e y m a r K y l i a nM b a p p é

14. Indian Tournaments
1.Indian Super League
2.I-League
3.Super Cup
4.Santosh Trophy
5.India Women's League

15. International Tournaments
1.Champions League
2.European
Championship
3.Europa League
4.Premier League
5.FA Cup

16. Trophies Associated
FIFAWorldCupTrophy:TheFIFAworldcuptrophyisarguablythemostsoughtafter
trophyinthewholeworld.Thesenseofprideandaccomplishmentthewinningteamgetfrom
holdingthistrophymustbeincredible.Whenateamwinsthistrophy,it’snotjustthemthat
arehappyeither.Aworldcupwincanuniteacountry.Spreadingahealthywaveofjoyand
winningspiritthroughoutanation.
AfricaCupofNations:Takingplaceeverytwoyears,theAfricaCupofNationsinvolvesthe
25bestfootballclubsinAfrica.Firstheldin1957,theteamsbattlethroughoutthe
tournamenttoprovetheyarethebestinthecontinent.Egyptiscurrentlythemost
successfulteam,with7winstotheirname.Thecurrenttrophyisagoldplatedcupwhichwas
madeinItaly.Thebeautifultrophyfeaturesamodeloftheearthwhichissurroundedby
footballs.
ConfederationsCup:TheConfederationsCupisheldinthesamecountrythatwillhostthe
WorldCupthefollowingyear.Thetrophyconsistsofagoldenglobewhichsitsontopofa
twistedcolumn.Thecolumnhas“twogoldribbons[that]arewrappedaroundthecentralbody
inafestive,dynamicmovement.”.Thedesignisnotdissimilartotheworldcuptrophy,which
alsofeaturesagoldenglobeandatwistedcolumn.

17. FOOTBALL
Name
Aaditya
Pandey
ClassXII -D
Roll No.1
ThankYou
foryour
Attention