presentation on mortality and morbidity rate.

About how to find all the mortality and morbidity rate , and what is the current demographical rate of India.

1. ASSIGNMENT ON MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RATE. Presented by: Sonali K atoch

2. Mortality rate: The number of death in a given area or period, or from a particular cause. Morbidity rate: Measures the portion of people in a specific geographical location who contracted a particular disease during a specific period of time. It indicates the frequency of the disease appearing in a population. Introduction

3. India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world’s population. According to the 2019 revision of the world population prospects the population stood at 1,352,642,280. Demographics of India

4. Population ⁓1.384 Billion G rowth rate 1.2% Birth rate 18.2 births/1000 population Death rate 7.3 deaths/1000 population Life expectancy Male Female 69.7 years 68.4 years 71.2 years Fertility rate 2.17 children born/women Infant mortality rate 29.94 deaths/1000 live births Demographics of India (2020 est.)

5. Age structure 0-14 years 28.6% (male 190,075.426/female 172,799,553) 15-64 years 63.6% (male 381,446,079/female359,802,209) 65 and over 5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) Demographics of India (2020 est.)

6. Traditionally and universally, most epidemiological studies begin with mortality data. Mortality data are relatively easy to obtain. Each year, information on deaths is analyzed and the resulting tabulations and made available by each government. Mortality data provide the starting point for epidemiological studies. Measurement of mortality

7. the commonly used measures are: Crude death rate : The simplest measure of mortality is the crude death rate . Mortality rate and ratio

8. Crude death rate of India per 1000 people = 7.234% Crude death rate globally per 1000 people = 7.7 Death rate of Himachal per 1000 population = 6.7 Death rate of Punjab per 1000 population = 6.2 Crude death rate

9. when analysis is planned to throw light on etiology, it is essential to use specific death rates. Specific death rate Specific death rate of India 2020 =7.309

10. Some specific death rates in common used are: Specific death rate due to tuberculosis Specific death rate

11. Specific death rate due to tuberculosis Specific death rate India notifies over 24 lakh T.B. cases, 79,144 deaths. It was 235 in HP with approx 17,500 notification. Punjab recorded a notification rate of 196, with more then 58,000notification in 2019.

12. Specific death rate of male Specific death rate Mortality rate for men was at 203.63 per 1000 male adult in India. While foe women it was 147.16 per 1000female adults.

13. Specific death rate in age group 15-20 years Specific death rate Death rate in age group 15-20 years in India = 63.6% (male 203.62 per 1000 and female 147.16 per 1000) Death rate of person per 100 population (15 – 59 years of age) in HP = 2.6

14. Case fatality rate Case fatality rate (ratio) E.g. COVID-19 In India- overall deaths due to infection remain at 1.5% of total confirmed cases. (Till Monday, India recorded 109856 deaths due to covid-19, where as total confirmed cases of infection stood at 7175880). In HP- fatality rate was 1.2%. In Punjab - fatality rate was 3%

15. It is sometime useful to know what proportions of total deaths are due to a particular cause or what proportions of deaths are occurring in a particular age group . Proportional mortality from a specific disease Proportional mortality rate (ratio)

16. under-5 proportionate mortality rate Proportional mortality rate (ratio) India’s under-5 mortality rate = 34.3% deaths per 1000 live birth. Under-5 mortality rate of HP = 46 deaths per 1000 live birth. Under-5 mortality rate of Punjab =23% deaths per 1000 live birth.

17. Proportional mortality rate for aged 50 years and above Proportional mortality rate (ratio) India’s mortality rate for aged 50y and above = 5.3% Mortality rate for age 50y and above of HP = 41

18. It is the proportion of survivors in a group, studies and followed over a period. Survival rate

19. Morbidity has been defined as “any department, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological well-being”. The term is used equivalent to such terms as sickness, illness, disability etc. Measurement of morbidity

20. Incidence: defined as the no. of new cases occurring in defined population during a specified period of time. Measurement of morbidity E.g . if there had been 500 new cases of an illness in a population of 30,000 in a year, the incidence rate would be: = 500/30000×1000 = 16.7 per 1000 per year.

21. Prevalence: the term “disease prevalence” refers specifically to all current cases existing at a given point in time, or over a period of time in a given population. It is of 2 types: point prevalence Period prevalence Measurement of morbidity

22. Point prevalence Prevalence

23. Period prevalence Prevalence

24. P = I × D = incidence × mean duration Relationship between prevalence and incidence: E.g . (for stable condition) Incidence = 10 cases per 1000 population per year Mean duration of disease = 5 years Prevalence = 10 × 5 = 50 per 1000 population.

25. Two measures which are generally used for epidemiological surveillance are mortality and morbidity. These measures describe the progression and severity of the given health events. The mortality and morbidity are often related, but not identical. Mortality is the state of being unhealthy for a particular disease or situation, whereas, mortality is the number of deaths that occur in a population. CONCLUSION

26. Mortality is the condition of being mortal, or susceptible to death; the opposite of immortality. Morbidity relates to disease states, although mortality relates to death. Both terms are generally used in health and death related statistics. CONCLUSION