Presentation on Pumps for Beginners.pptx

Pump presentation for beginners

1. Pumps By Rahul

2. What is a Pump?? A Pump is a machine that drives fluid from one location to another location.

3. History &Origins of a Pump 2000 BC  Egyptians invent the shadoof to raise water. It uses a long suspended rod with a bucket at one end and a weight at the other. Even they were used in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Civilization too. 200 BC  Greek inventor and mathematician Ctesibius invents the water organ, an air pump with valves on the bottom, a tank of water in between them and a row of pipes on top. This is the principal design that is now known as the reciprocating pump. 1851  John Gwynne files his first centrifugal pump patent. 1859  Jacob Edson invents the diaphragm pump and founds the Edson Corporation in Boston. Origin of the word Pump: Pump is a Dutch word. Mostly it was used by Dutch sailors.

4. Classification of Pumps Pumps Dynamic Pump Positive Displacement Pump 1.Centrifugal pump. 2.Axial Pump 3.Radial Pump 1 Reciprocating Pump 2.Rotary Pump (Gear, vane, Screw pump and peristaltic pump)

5. Positive displacement Pump Why they are called positive displacement pump?? Any Idea?? They work on the principle of Positive displacement. Positive Displacement: No/Minimum back flow of liquid while pumping the liquid out of pump. Their design is such that there is a minimum back flow of liquid. There is minimum spacing b/w Stationary and rotary parts. Examples: Piston/Plunger Pump, Diaphragm Pump. Is there any Technical term for this back flow??.

6. Piston/Plunger Pump Diaphragm Pump

7. Rotary Pumps c)Peristaltic Pump a) Gear Pump, b)Screw pump

8. Dynamic Pumps Why the name?? These pumps impart Kinetic energy to the fluid and sends out the liquid out of pump. During the transfer, some amount of energy is converted to pressure energy and delivered as a Head. As the velocity and pressure changes from time to time, these pumps are called dynamic pump( “dynamic” means change). Ex : Axial Pumps, Radial Pump and Centrifugal Pump.

9. Centrifugal Pumps The fluid from the inlet port enters at the center of the impeller. The rotating impeller imparts centrifugal force to the fluid and causes it to move radially outward. This results in the fluid being forced through the outlet discharge port of the housing. The tips of the impeller blades merely move through the fluid while the rotational speed maintains the fluid pressure corresponding to the centrifugal force established. Ex: Centrifugal Pump, Axial Pump, Rotary Pump

10. Cavitation = Vaporisation inside pump casing Condition of cavitation: Local pr. < Vapour pressure at local temperature How to avoid cavitation? Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) NPSH (in m) = [(Pressure@ suction flange – Vapour pressure at suction temperature)]/( r g ), If NPSH is – ve , the liquid would release vapour at the suction flange. NPSH required at different flow rates is specified by pump manufacturer so that if in an installation the NPSH available is below the NPSH required, it would lead to cavitation. Hence, during operation the user must ensure the (available NPSH) > (required NPSH) to avoid cavitation.

11. Centrifugal Pump Characteristics

12. Operating point of a pump system?

13. Power of a Pump

14. Affinity Laws: Centrifugal Pumps

15. Characteristics of other pumps ? Reciprocating / Gear etc a): Reciprocating pump @ fixed strokes/min; b): Screw Pump at constant RPM and viscosity

16. Pump installation Spare pump and change over without shutting flow Centrifugal pumps

17. Spare pump and change over without shutting flow Positive displacement pumps: (a) reciprocating, (b) rotary

18. Pump Selection

19. Parameters considered Pump type Centrifugal Reciprocating Rotary Suitability High discharge Low head High head Low discharge   Flow stability Low - flow varies with system resistance High - flow practically constant High Flow Delivery Continuous Periodic   High liquid viscosity Not preferred above 10 cSt Suitable Suitable Handling liquid with suspended solid Yes No No Energy Consumption High (Can run at high speed) Low (Cannot run at high speed) Low (Cannot run at high speed) Efficiency Low Highest Higher Capital and Maintenance Cost Low (Simple construction) High Low Floor area required Less     Wear and tear Less     Priming Required Not Required   20

20. What happens if we connect a)Pumps In Series? b)Pumps In Parallel?

21. THANK YOU