Presentation on shampoo

power point Presentation on shampoo

1. Presentation on SHAMPOO Presented by MANISH KUMAR SINGH

2. CONTENTS Introduction History Need of Shampoo Ideal Properties Raw Materials Formulation Cleansing Action Composition of some shampoos Manufacturing Process Quality Control Tests

3. Introduction A shampoo is a hair care product, typically in the form of viscous liquid that is used for cleaning hair to remove dirt, dandruff , pollutants , and other contaminant particles that gradually builds up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without striping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampooing is frequently followed by conditioners which increase the ease of combing and styling. .

4. History Shampoo originally meant head massage in several North Indian languages. Both the words and concept were introduced to Britain from colonial India. The word is derived form hindi ‘champo ’. Before the advent of shampoos, people typically used soap for personal care. However, soap had the distinct disadvantages of being irritating to the eyes and incompatible with hard water which made it leave dull-looking film on the hair. In the 1930s the first synthetic detergent shampoo was introduced, although it had some disadvantages. The 1960s brought the detergent we are using today. Over the years, many improvements have also been made to shampoo formulations .

5. Need of shampoo The skin on our head produces a greasy fluid called Sebum. It is produced to protect the hair, by coating itself all over the head. This gives the hair a healthy shine but when secreted in large amount it makes the hair look dirty.

6. Ideal properties To make the hair smooth and shiny. Produce good amount of foam. Should not cause irritation to scalp, skin and eye. Should completely, effectively remove dirt. Impart pleasant fragrance to hair Good biodegradability Low toxicity Slightly acidic (Ph less than 7), since a basic environment weakens the hair by breaking the disulphide bonds in hair keratin.

7. Raw Materials The basic ingredients in a shampoo formation are as follows : 1. Water : 2.  Surfactants : ammonium lauryl sulphate , sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium laureth sulphate .  3. Foam Boosters : betaines or alkanolamides

8. 4. Thickeners: Carboxy methyl cellulose, NaCl 5. Conditioning agents: silicones such as methicone and quarternary agents 6. Preservatives: DMDM Hydantoin and methylparaben. 7.Antidandruff Agents: Selenium sulphide , inc pyrithone , salicylic acid.

9. 8. pH buffers: citric acid 9. Aesthetic Additives:- Colorants: glycerine distereate UV absorbers: These are often benophenone derivatives Opacifiers : EDGS Fragrance: Limonene, Ethyl isovalerate  

10. FORMULATION New shampoos are initially created by cosmetic chemists in the laboratory. First thing is to determine the characteristics the formula will have. It must be decided on aesthetic features such as how thick it should be, what colour it will be etc. Once the features of the shampoo are identified, a formula is created in the laboratory. These initial bathes are made in small beakers using various ingredients. In the personal acre industry nearly all the ingredients that can be used are classified by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA) in the governmentally approved collection known as the International Nomenclature Of Cosmetic Ingredients (INC).

11. CLEANSING ACTION The surfactant molecules present in shampoo has a hydrophilic ‘head’ and a lipophylic ‘tail’. When we apply shampoo and water to the hair and generate lather, the hydrophilic end is drawn towards water while the tail is drawn towards grease and oil on the hair and scalp. The oil and grease contains dirt and skin particles. At high concentration the surfactants form miscelle . When shampooing , anionic surfactants containing hydrophobic tail gets adsorbed to grease or dirt of hair. Thus, these dirt are removed by further rinsing.

12. Structure of SLS

13. COMPOSITION OF SOME SHAMPOOS

14. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Proportion of ingredients in 50g shampoo (used in the lab): INGREDIENTS WEIGHT SLS 10.0g Water 38.0 mL CMC 0.5g CPB 1.0g Methicone 0.5g Citric Acid A pinch NaCl A pinch

15. PROCEDURE In a beaker 0.5g of CMC was taken and it was dissolved in 12 mL of distilled water. In another beaker 10g of SLS was taken and 38 mL of distilled water was added to it. It was then heated on water bath for 20 mins. It was added to the beaker containing CMC with constant stirring. Then 1g CPB and 0.5g methicone was added to it. A pinch of citric acid was added. Later a drop of colour and a drop perfume were added. A pinch of NaCl was also added.

16. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS After a shampoo formula is developed, it is tested to ensure that its qualities will minimally change over time. And to ensure that the shampoo is safe for using. Some of the tests are listed below: Foam and foam stability Detergency and cleansing action Eye irritation Oral toxicity pH test Skin irritation test Viscosity measurements