Primary Air Pollutants.pptx

primary air polluttants

1. Represented By:- Himanshi Sharma

2. Primary Air Pollutants Primary pollutants  are any type of  pollutant  directly into the  environment . They differ from  secondary pollutants  because secondary pollutants must  form in the  atmosphere , whereas primary pollutants do not. Primary pollutants can be emitted from many sources including cars,  coal-fired power plants ,  natural gas power plants ,  biomass  burning, natural  forest fires , volcanoes, and many more. Introduction

3. five Primary air pollutants They Contribute about 90 percent of the global air pollution Nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) Carbon monoxide (CO) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Sulfur oxides ( SOx ) Particulate matter (PM )

4. Some primary air pollutant may react with one another or with other chemicals in the air to form Secondary air pollutants

5. Nitrogen oxides   NO x Nitrogen oxides  or  NO x  are a family of poisonous, highly reactive  gases  that form when  fuel  is burned at high  temperatures NO x  gases are generally brown in colour NO x emitted by vehicles as well as industrial sources such as  power plants , industrial boilers, cement kilns, and  turbines . Nitrogen oxides have problematic chemical reactions in the  atmospheric  with  volatile organic compounds . These reactions produce  smog  on hot summer days. [2 ]  The two major nitrogen oxides that occur are NO and NO 2

6. Nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) emissions

7. Carbon monoxide ,  CO Carbon monoxide , or  CO , is a  gas  that forms from the incomplete  combustion  of  fuels  such as  propane ,  natural gas ,  gasoline ,  oil ,  coal , or  wood  It is a colourless , odourless , and tasteless gas, so it cannot be detected without a specialized piece of equipment Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause serious health problems

8. Health Effects

9. Emission sources of carbon monoxide

10. Volatile organic compounds  ( VOCs ) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of chemicals that can vaporize into air. VOCs are in thousands of daily use products, including paint, varnish, wax, and various cleaning, degreasing, and cosmetic products. Volatile organic compounds  ( VOCs ) are  organic molecules  - specifically  hydrocarbons  - that are classified as a  pollutant  as they produce undesirable effects in the  atmosphere .  They react with  nitrogen oxides  in the air to form  ground level ozone , another harmful pollutant, and they also contribute to the formation of secondary  particulate matter .

11. Health Effects Exposure to VOC vapors can cause a variety of health effects, including eye, nose, and throat irritation; headaches and loss of coordination; nausea; and damage to the liver, kidneys, or central nervous system. Some VOCs are suspected or proven carcinogens

12. Sources Of VOC

13. Sulfur oxides    SO x Sulfur oxides  or  SO x  are a group of  pollutants  that contain both  sulfur  and  oxygen   molecules .   sulfur oxides are produced when  fuels  that contain sulfur undergo  combustion Natural sources include volcanoes.  Coal  burning  power plants  that burn high-sulfur coal are some of the main sources of SO x . Vehicles can also be a source of sulfur oxides.

14. Effects of Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) Environmental effects When sulfur dioxide combines with water and air, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. Acid rain can: cause deforestation: acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life corrode building materials and paints. Health effects Sulfur dioxide affects the respiratory system, particularly lung function, and can irritate the eyes. Sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract and increases the risk of tract infections. It causes coughing, mucus secretion and aggravates conditions such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.

15. Sulfur oxides emissions

16. Particulate matter (PM) Particulate matter , sometimes called  particle pollution  or simply  PM , is a term that refers to a mixture of  solid  particles and  liquid  droplets that can be found in the  air . They are classified as  pollutants  and there are several different sizes of particulate matter. Some particulate matter, such as dust, dirt, soot,  coal ash , and smoke are large enough to be seen with the naked eye Particulate matter can also be extremely small, therefore, can only be seen with high-powered microscopes As well as containing acids, particulate matter can contain hazardous elements such as  arsenic ,  beryllium ,  cadmium , chromium, lead, manganese, and  nickel .

17. Health Effects of PM

18. Health Effect premature death in people with heart or lung disease nonfatal heart attacks irregular heartbeat aggravated  asthma decreased lung function increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing. Environmental Effects making lakes and streams acidic changing the nutrient balance in coastal waters and large river basins depleting the nutrients in soil damaging sensitive forests and farm crops affecting the diversity of ecosystems contributing to  acid rain effects .