Chapter 8: Communication
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4. Compare one-way communication and two-way communication.
With one-way communication, a message is sent to the receiver, soliciting no feedback,
questions or interaction. Two-way communication is more time consuming, and requests
interaction from the recipient of the message. In general, we prefer two-way communication
because it allows for feedback and verification of intent.
5. What are the five communication skills of effective supervisors and managers?
The skills include expressive speaking, empathetic listening, persuasive leading, sensitivity to
feelings, and informative managing.
6. Describe incivility in terms of defensive communication. Describe civility in terms of
nondefensive communication.
Incivility is a form of defensive communication that destroys interpersonal relationships.
Dominant defensive communication is characterized by active, aggressive, attacking behavior,
and expresses the psychological attitude, “I am right, and you are wrong." Subordinate defensive
communication is characterized by passive, submissive, withdrawing behavior. The
psychological attitude is "you are right, and I am wrong."
Civility is a form of nondefensive communication that is assertive and leads to clarity.
Nondefensive communication is centered, assertive, and honest. It demonstrates self-control
without rejecting the listener.
7. What four kinds of nonverbal communication are important in interpersonal relationships?
Proxemics, which is the perception and use of space, is a major indicator for comfort in
communication. In addition, kinesics refers to the meaningfulness of gestures. Facial
expressions, eye behavior, and paralanguage are also part of nonverbal communication.
8. What are helpful nonverbal behaviors in the communication process? Unhelpful behaviors?
Gestures, facial expressions, and body postures have different meanings in different cultures.
Helpful behaviors include eye contact, nodding, and other affirmative behaviors. Unhelpful
behaviors include looking away when talking, failing to acknowledge greetings, glares, rolling of
the eyes, sighing, crossing arms and leaning way, peering over glasses, and continuing to read
while someone is speaking.
9. What is communicative disease?
Communicative disease is the absence of heartfelt communication in human relationship. It can
lead to loneliness and social isolation, and ultimately to death. Positive, healthy communication
involves emotional competence and cooperative work behaviors based on trust and truthfulness,
and it is the antidote to communicative disease.