Probiotics in aquaculture. Role of soil water and feed probiotics in aquaculture

Probiotics

1. Role of Soil, Water and Feed Probiotics in Shrimp Aquaculture Workshop on Coastal Aquaculuture and Mariculture

2. Aquaculture probiotics  are basically just beneficial bacteria that when consumed, occupy the space that would otherwise be occupied by harmful bacteria . The good bacteria protect fish stocks from the harmful action of bad bacteria through competitive exclusion which means that they prevent the increase in population of bad bacteria by increasing their own population.

3. Probiotics are essential in aquaculture since they help improve the overall health status of marine stock which in turn helps ensure higher yields and higher profits . As a biological alternative to antimicrobial compounds that are currently being used to prevent bacterial infection in aquaculture, probiotics offer a safer, natural option for shrimp farmers who prefer a more natural way of raising shrimp stock.  

4. There is considerable interest in use of probiotics to improve conditions for production in shrimp aquaculture. The most common probiotics are live bacterial inocula that sometimes are supplemented by yeast extracts with extracellular enzymes . Extracts of plant products also are used as probiotics. The most common are extracts of citrus seed and Yucca plants (Yucca schidigera ). Extracts of the Yucca plant contain glycocomponents which bind Ammonia.

5. P otential benefits of probiotics in aquaculture ponds Enhanced decomposition of organic matter. Reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations; better algal growth ; greater availability of dissolved oxygen. Control of ammonia , nitrite and hydrogen sulfide ; lower incidence of disease and greater survival greater shrimp and fish production. Vendors usually sell probiotics for prophylactic treatments to protect against disease and to improve environmental conditions for culture.

6. What is Feed probiotics A live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance.

7. Feed application of probiotics for intestinal health A well-established intestinal microflora is crucial for the growth and health of the animal, since the microflora has impacts on: N utrition T he prevention of pathogenic infections T he integrity and function of digestive organs T he development of the immune system

8. Water probiotics: S hrimp get their nutrients from the water, probiotics are naturally administered as additives in the water. Common types of probiotics being used in aquaculture include lactic acid bacteria which is commonly used as aquafeed . Another probiotic that is studied for its probiotic properties is E. faecium . It has probiotic properties that can be used alone or in combination with other beneficial intestinal bacteria. 

9. “Shrimp shield” is an easy to apply, highly concentrated formula of probiotic and organic waste digesting microbes developed for use in Brackish and Salt water rearing and aquaculture shrimp production. “Shrimp shield” is a direct apply product containing all the nutrients, enzymes and carbon to rapidly increase the population of beneficial and desirable microbes to improve shrimp health,survival and growth.

10. Shrimp shield work in three ways: Increases Immunity,Health and survival Improves water quality Removing organic waste

11. Shrimp Shield is proven around the globe to increase survival up to 100%. Increases in growth rates are documented between 10% and 35%. All the benefits of using shrimp shield result in increase yield and ultimately more profit in aquaculture shrimp production.

12. Soil based probiotics: The term SBO stands for soil based organism and is used to refer to a new class of probiotic supplements based on greater understanding of the incredible diversity of the human gut and their commensal “Helper” bacteria work together to produce a healthy system. Soil based bacteria also known as ‘spore forming bacteria ’ have the ability to seed the digestive tract with bacteria will flourish and support a balanced microbiome , the term used for the mini-ecology of microorganisms such as bacteria that inhabit the human body and perform vital functions such as immune support and digestion.

13. Benefits: Enhance decomposition of organic wastes. Prevent forming of toxic gases like ammonia and sulfur hydrogen Develop and stabilize a good algal bloom. stabilize pH, helps in balancing ecology in the pond

14. Probiotics: Shrimp:100 to 1000g/ton

15. Pediococcus acidilactici  ,as a dietary probiotic is used to observe the growth performance in the shrimp   Litopenaeus stylirostris . The probiotic improved production in the treated cages with increases in the survival rate Feeding shrimp with live terrestrial lactic acid bacteria can be an effective treatment for improving shrimp culture affected by viisbrios .

16. Probiotic Bacteria: Species of Bacillus, Nitrobacter , Pseudomonas, Enterobacter , Cellulomonas , Rhodopseudomonas , and photosynthetic sulfur bacteria have been used as bacterial inocula are most commonly used. I f a pond has ammonia in the water, natural nitrifying bacteria will oxidize the ammonia to nitrate . If ammonia concentration increases, the population of nitrifying bacteria will respond to the increase in substrate by rapidly increasing in abundance.

17. Vibrio anginolyticus has been used as probiotic in Penaeus vannmei larviculture for protection against WSSV. There are several microbial cell wall products and plant extracts that non specifically stimulates the immune systems and protect the animal against disease. For example, @-1,3 glucan increases the resistance of shrimp against WSSV. The CMFRI has tested several plant preparations that boosts the immune system of shrimp and may be used for disease control in near future.

18. Another few probiotics: 03 DO Improover Zinc Peroxide Chem Powder 1 kg/ acre S.No Product Generic Name Brand Name Bio / Chem Physical Prop- erties Level of Inclusion Suggested 01 Soil Probiotic Prosol BIO Liquid 5 Lt / Ha 02 Soil & Water Probiotic Prowaso BIO Powder 1 Kg/Ha

19. Probiotics In Aquaculture Probiotic solutions are a sustainable alternative to antimicrobial compounds, as the latter have led to the development of resistance among bacterial populations. Lactic acid producing bacteria, e. g. Enterococcus faecium , have been the focus of much interest.

20. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are potential probiotic candidates in aquaculture and are also known to be present in the intestine of healthy fish. Enterococcus faecium is one of the most commonly used lactic acid producing bacteria in animal nutrition and has become a focus of attention for use in commercially farmed aquatic species. Enterococci are Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria which are widely distributed in nature . The potential applications of E. faecium from fish intestine for controlling pathogenic vibriosis in shrimp culture

21. Major production steps of probiotic processing: In lab culture method,

22. Conclusion: There is plenty of evidence that probiotics supplemented in feed and water are effective in aquaculture application. However, the success of probiotic supplementations depends on the strains, concentrations and management used. Effective probiotics are based on selected strains and controlled production conditions. Poor results are many times related to low-quality and inadequate probiotics.

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