Process of leather manufacturing

Learn about the process of leather manufacturing in a precise manner

1. PROCESS OF LEATHER MANUFACTURING Presented by k.Magesh II year mechanical engineering

2. What is Leather ? Leather is a durable , flexible product made by the tanning of animal raw hide and skin, usually obtained from cattle .

3. Day to day applications of leather Leather is universally used all over the world.

4. FORMS OF LEATHER Vegetable tanned leather Chrome tanned leather Aldehyde tanned leather Brain tanned leather Rose tanned leather Synthetic tanned leather Alum tanned leather

5. LEATHER MANUFACTURING : Preparatory stage, Tanning , Crusting.

6. PREPARATORY STAGE: Here the skin is prepared for tanning. Unwanted particles are removed

7. Preparatory stages include Preservation Soaking Liming Unhairing Fleshing Splitting Soaking Process

8. Reliming Deliming Bating Frizzing Bleaching Pickling Depickling

9. WHAT IS TANNING ? Conversion of animal proteins from raw skin into stable material which will not putrefy is called as Tanning

10. Process of Tanning After pickling, the pH of the hide is about 2.8-3.2. During Tanning, penetration of tanning agent (eg. Cr), into the material is checked often. After tanning pH changes to 3.8 to 4.2.

11. CRUSTING: Crusting is when the hide/skin is thinned, retanned and lubricated . It includes 5 main processes- Sammying - Splitting -Neutralization -Stuffing -Drying & Conditioning

12. ADDitional process Suitable only for some Leathers. Process includes Oiling Spraying Polishing Surface coating

13. Finished products

14. SOCIAL IMPACTS The heavy use of polluting chemicals in the tanning process leads to chemical pollution. Air pollution due to the transformation process (Hydrogen sulphide during dehairing and ammonia during Deliming, solvent vapours).

15. People’s ignorance People , in spite of the available alternatives prefer leather by products only because of its durability They do not usually think of the ecosystem.

16. Suitable alternatives Due to some obstacles created by vegetarians, suitable alternatives are preferred Microfibers are preferred for usage.

17. List of 5 eco friendly alternatives Microfibers Cork Glazed cotton Jute paper

18. This is how microfibers work

19. THANKING YOU