producer consumer problem example in java.pdf

The producer consumer problem is solved in the pdf by using java. In many real-world systems, multiple components or users interact with shared resources. If this interaction isn't managed properly, it can lead to data inconsistency, resource conflicts, or even system crashes.

A classic example of this scenario is the Producer-Consumer Problem, where:
A Producer generates data and places it into a shared buffer.
A Consumer retrieves and processes this data from the buffer.
Problems arise when:
The producer tries to add data while the buffer is full.
The consumer tries to consume data when the buffer is empty.
These two components must operate independently yet in sync, especially when the shared resource (buffer or queue) has limited capacity. Without proper coordination, either side can fail or block the system.
For example, in a printing system:
Multiple users (producers) send print jobs to a shared print queue, while the printer (consumer) processes one job at a time. If the print queue (buffer) becomes full, additional print jobs cannot be added until space is freed. Similarly, if there are no print jobs in the queue, the printer will wait for new jobs to process. This ensures smooth operation, preventing both overflow and underflow in the system.
To implement a thread-safe system that synchronizes the interaction between producer and consumer processes using inter-thread communication mechanisms in Java.
Scope
Use multithreading to simulate concurrent producer and consumer operations.
Apply synchronization using wait() and notify() methods.
Implement core OOP concepts to structure the code efficiently.
Purpose
Demonstrate thread communication and coordination using Java's built-in features.
Ensure data consistency and proper buffer usage without conflicts.
Provide a foundational example for understanding concurrent programming and OOP integration.
The Buffer class acts as the shared space between the Producer and Consumer. It uses a fixed-size queue to temporarily hold produced items. The produce() method adds items to the buffer, and consume() removes them. To handle synchronization, both methods are marked synchronized. If the buffer is full, the producer thread waits using wait(). If the buffer is empty, the consumer does the same. Once the state changes (item added or removed), the thread calls notify() to wake the other waiting thread. This ensures thread-safe coordination and avoids race conditions or data inconsistency in a multithreaded environment.The Producer class is a thread responsible for generating data (e.g., integers) and inserting it into the shared buffer. It runs in an infinite loop, producing new items continuously. Before adding an item, it checks if the buffer is full using the synchronized produce() method. If full, it waits using wait() until notified by the consumer. After inserting an item, it calls notify() to alert the consumer that data is available. The producer actually simulates real-world input generators

1. GROUP
ACTIVITY
-THE TRYCATCHERS

2. PRODUCER
CONSUMER
PROBLEM

3. SIDDHARTH SHARMA
23BCE10224
GROUP MEMBERS
ANANYA KUSHWAH
23BCE10191
RISHIKA THAKUR
23BCE10009
PRAKRATI RATHORE
23BCE11841
ANAMIKA GANDHI
23BCE11759

4. In many real-world systems, multiple components or users interact with shared resources. If this interaction isn't
managed properly, it can lead to data inconsistency, resource conflicts, or even system crashes.
A classic example of this scenario is the Producer-Consumer Problem, where:
A Producer generates data and places it into a shared buffer.
A Consumer retrieves and processes this data from the buffer.
Problems arise when:
The producer tries to add data while the buffer is full.
The consumer tries to consume data when the buffer is empty.
These two components must operate independently yet in sync, especially when the shared resource (buffer or
queue) has limited capacity. Without proper coordination, either side can fail or block the system.
For example, in a printing system:
Multiple users (producers) send print jobs to a shared print queue, while the printer (consumer) processes one job
at a time. If the print queue (buffer) becomes full, additional print jobs cannot be added until space is freed.
Similarly, if there are no print jobs in the queue, the printer will wait for new jobs to process. This ensures smooth
operation, preventing both overflow and underflow in the system. PROBLEM STATEMENT / IDEA BRIEF

5. To implement a thread-safe system that synchronizes the interaction between producer and consumer processes using inter-
thread communication mechanisms in Java. PROBLEM STATEMENT / IDEA BRIEF
ScopeUse multithreading to simulate concurrent producer and consumer operations.
Apply synchronization using wait() and notify() methods.
Implement core OOP concepts to structure the code efficiently.
PurposeDemonstrate thread communication and coordination using Java's built-in features.
Ensure data consistency and proper buffer usage without conflicts.
Provide a foundational example for understanding concurrent programming and OOP integration.
Objective

6. OOP CONCEPTS APPLIED
?????? 1. Encapsulation
Definition: Binding data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (class),
while restricting direct access to internal details.
Implementation:
The Buffer class encapsulates the queue and controls access through produce() and
consume() methods. It prevents external classes from modifying the buffer directly,
ensuring safety and integrity.

7. OOP CONCEPTS APPLIED
?????? 2. Abstraction
Definition: Hiding complex implementation details and exposing only essential
features.
Implementation:
The Producer and Consumer classes interact with the buffer through its public
methods without needing to know how the buffer is managed internally. This hides
synchronization complexity from them.

8. OOP CONCEPTS APPLIED
?????? 3. Inheritance
Definition: Mechanism where one class inherits the properties and behaviors of
another class.
Implementation:
Producer and Consumer classes both extend Java’s Thread class. This allows them
to run concurrently and inherit thread-related functionalities such as the start()
method.

9. OOP CONCEPTS APPLIED
?????? 4. Polymorphism
Definition: The ability of different classes to provide different implementations of
the same method.
Implementation:
The run() method is overridden in both Producer and Consumer classes. Each
class defines its own thread behavior while still following the same method
signature.

10. The Buffer class acts as the shared space between the Producer and Consumer. It uses a fixed-size queue to temporarily hold
produced items. The produce() method adds items to the buffer, and consume() removes them. To handle synchronization, both
methods are marked synchronized. If the buffer is full, the producer thread waits using wait(). If the buffer is empty, the consumer
does the same. Once the state changes (item added or removed), the thread calls notify() to wake the other waiting thread. This
ensures thread-safe coordination and avoids race conditions or data inconsistency in a multithreaded environment. IMPLEMENTATION:
Buffer(Shared Resource)
ProducerThe Producer class is a thread responsible for generating data (e.g., integers) and inserting it into the shared buffer. It runs in an
infinite loop, producing new items continuously. Before adding an item, it checks if the buffer is full using the synchronized
produce() method. If full, it waits using wait() until notified by the consumer. After inserting an item, it calls notify() to alert the
consumer that data is available. The producer simulates real-world input generators like sensors, factories, or data streams, and
works efficiently with thread-safe communication using Java’s thread coordination mechanisms.
ConsumerThe Consumer class is a thread that continuously removes and processes items from the shared buffer. It checks if the buffer is
empty, and if so, it waits using wait() to avoid consuming non-existent data. Once items are available, it retrieves them using the
consume() method and calls notify() to inform the producer that space is available. The consumer simulates real-world systems
like printers, delivery systems, or service handlers. Thread synchronization ensures that it doesn’t interfere with the producer’s
operations, maintaining a smooth and controlled workflow without data corruption or resource clashes.

11. BUFFER(SHARED RESOURCE):

12. PRODUCER:

13. CONSUMER:

14. wait(): Makes the current thread pause (wait) until another thread notifies it that a condition
has changed.
notify(): Wakes up one waiting thread (on the same object) that previously called wait().
Producer:
Checks if buffer is full.1.
If full → calls wait() and sleeps.2.
If not full → adds item, then calls notify() to wake up a waiting consumer.3.
Consumer:
Checks if buffer is empty.1.
If empty → calls wait() and sleeps.2.
If not empty → removes item, then calls notify() to wake up a waiting producer.3.
Without them, you’d get:
Race conditions
Wasted CPU (busy waiting)
Deadlocks
WAIT()/NOTIFY():

15. JAVA FEATURES UTILIZED
Multithreading:1.
Executing two or more threads concurrently for parallel task handling.
The Producer and Consumer classes extend Thread and override the run() method.
Both threads are started from the main() method using start(), enabling parallel
execution.
They interact with a shared Buffer object, simulating concurrent real-world operations.
2. Thread Communication:
Mechanism allowing threads to coordinate using wait(), notify(), etc.
wait() and notify() are used for inter-thread communication.
In Buffer:
Producer waits when the buffer is full.
Consumer waits when the buffer is empty.
notify() is called after producing or consuming to wake up the other thread.

16. 3. Synchronized Methods:
Methods locked so that only one thread can execute them at a time.
produce() and consume() are synchronized methods in Buffer.
Only one thread can access the buffer at a time.
Prevents race conditions and ensures data consistency.
4. Java Collections API:
Framework that provides classes and interfaces for data structure handling.
A Queue is used as the shared buffer.
Implemented using LinkedList for FIFO order.
Efficient insertion and removal of elements.
5. Exception Handling:
Managing runtime errors using try-catch blocks.
InterruptedException from wait() and Thread.sleep() is handled.
try-catch blocks in Producer and Consumer ensure clean termination.
Prints messages like "Producer stopped." and "Consumer stopped." to indicate thread
shutdown.

17. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
1. Deadlocks due to Improper use of wait() / notify()
Happens when threads hold locks and wait for each other, creating
a cycle.
Common cause: Calling wait() or notify() outside a synchronized
block.
Fix: Always use wait()/notify() inside a synchronized block on the
shared object.
2. Handling Spurious Wakeups
A thread might wake up without being notified —
rare, but possible.
Solution: Use a while loop to re-check the
condition after waking up, not an if block.

18. 3. Ensuring Data Consistency with Shared Buffer
Shared buffer can be accessed by multiple threads at the same time.
Without synchronization, this can cause inconsistent or corrupted data.
Use synchronized blocks to ensure atomic operations.
4. Managing Thread Lifecycle
Proper start, pause, resume, and stop operations are necessary.
Risk: Memory leaks or unexpected behavior if threads are not handled properly.
5. Effective Use of synchronized, wait(), notify()
These are low-level concurrency tools — must be used wisely.
Incorrect usage may lead to missed signals or inefficient blocking.
Consider alternatives like BlockingQueue in java.util.concurrent for better safety
and simplicity.

19. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Thread Creation & Management:
Gained hands-on experience in creating and managing multiple threads in Java.
Synchronization & Communication:
Learned how to coordinate threads using synchronized, wait(), and notify().
Problem-Solving:
Developed logic to manage limited buffer and thread coordination under constraints.

20. EXTENSION IDEAS
Create a visual buffer to show real-time production and consumption using gui
Simulate more realistic and complex thread interactions using multiple producers
and consumers
Track producer and consumer activity using log files for analysis

21. THANK YOU