Production Systems in Livestock and Poultry.pptx

Production Systems in Livestock and Poultry

1. Production Systems Important Factors in Livestock Production

2. What do you observe in the pictures? Does technology influence the development of production systems in livestock production? Source: https:// www.intechopen.com

3. A. Housing Systems for Poultry Four (4) housing systems are usually adopted by poultry farmers. These are: free-range system, semi-intensive system, folding unit system, and intensive system. These types of housing are usually adopted depending on the available capital of the farm owner.

4. 1. Free-range This system is the oldest and is still being used by some local farmers with huge areas. In this system, the birds are allowed to roam around freely to search for food in the form of herbage, seeds and insects. https:// www.quora.com /How-are-free-range-chickens-farmed

5. 2. Semi-intensive This system is adopted by some farmers where available space is limited, allowing the birds to have about 20-30 square yards for outside run. https:// www.canadianpoultrymag.com /barn-spotlight-the- gras -family/

6. 3. Folding-unit This housing type is an innovation in the recent years. The position of the housing facility is changed daily for the birds to have access to fresh ground. This system can conveniently accommodate 25 birds with a measurement of 5 feet wide and 20 feet long while the house is 5 feet x 5 feet, which is one-third of the run and is covered with wire netting at the side and top portions. http:// www.frogchorusfarm.com / ChickenCoopTypes.html

7.  Battery system This type of production is applicable to a small floor space where animals are confined with limited movements. It has a standard flooring of galvanized wire set at a slope from back to the front so that the eggs laid by the layers will simply roll onto the cage receiving gutter. It is also provided with external food and water receptacles. Moreover, underneath the cage is a tray for droppings of animal waste.  Deep-litter system This is a type of system wherein birds are generally kept in large pens and covered with dry compost. The accumulated materials may then be used as fertilizer for plants. In this system, the animals are confined entirely in a housing facility with no direct access to external sources of food in an area that is limited and expensive. This system is of two types – the battery or cage system and the deep litter method. 4. Intensive

8. BATTERY SYSTEM DEEP LITTER SYSTEM https:// www.cameronjenglish.net /single-post/2019/03/04/Factory-farming-poisons-our-food-Plus-a-new-podcast-launch https:// nation.africa / kenya /business/seeds-of-gold/deep-litter-or-cage-system-find-out-which-gives-the-most-returns-on-investment--437160

9. Orientation and Construction of a Poultry House The orientation of the poultry house should allow free circulation of air and the cage should not be facing towards the prevailing winds and probably heavy rains. In constructing a poultry house, there are some factors to consider which includes: (a) availability of materials, (b) amount of investment, and (c) size of operations.

10. Poultry House Roof Types

11. B. Housing System for Livestock A good animal housing must be designed properly giving close attention on the different parts of the building and the materials to be used. Proper sanitation and ventilation are also very important to prevent an increase in the incidence of diseases. The number and types of animal to be raised are important considerations in building animal houses.

12. Factors to Consider in Constructing a Livestock Farm

13. Building Orientation and Ventilation The front side of the building should be facing EAST and the rear side should be facing WEST. This orientation helps prevent too much exposure of the animals to direct sunlight which might cause respiratory and intestinal diseases.

14. C. Production Systems Organic vs. Conventional Backyard vs. Commercial

15. 1. Organic Production Advantages: Higher income per animal. Lower impact on local biodiversity. Lower antibiotic resistance. Disadvantages: The risk of infection is higher. It depends on the amount and kind of litter available. Laborious. Organic production is a method of farming husbandry where animals must have access to clean and dry bedding of organic crop materials. Other bedding materials which can be used include shredded newsprint, wood shavings, sawdust, coco coir and sand.

16. 2. Conventional system Advantages: Low requirement in terms of labor. Lower risk cases in animals. Higher reproduction number of animals. Lower land use. Lower microbiological contamination. Disadvantages: Disadvantageous to small producers with a lower capital. Expensive. Little room for movement if the economic situation changes. Animals are housed indoors and are provided with individual crates with proper ventilation and drip water systems.

17. 3. Backyard production system Advantages: Exercise in the open air keeps the animals healthy. Parasitic infection can be kept to a minimum if there is enough space. Little or no labor input is needed. Direct cost of the system is low. Disadvantages: Animals are difficult to control. Young animals are easy prey for predators. Mortality rates are usually high. This type of system is most suitable if you have a lot of space where animals could roam around to search for food.

18. 4. Commercial production system Advantages: Dust and manure are better controlled. Internal and external parasites are properly controlled. Better supervision of the breeding program. Disadvantages: Higher initial investment. Requires more intensive management.

19. In summary: -  Livestock production plays a major role in the life of humans as a major source of food, income, opportunities, and recreation, among other contributions. -  Livestock production involves several considerations such as site selection, type of housing system, orientation of the building, methods/types of production system, etc. -  Livestock production systems include: organic, conventional, backyard, and commercial. Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages.

20. References: Canonoy , J., (n. d.) Handbook of Animal Production. Exploratory Courses in K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module . DepEd. Iddamalgoda , A., (1998). A Comparative Study on the Development of Livestock Industry in Asia: Analysis of Poultry Meat and Egg Sectors . FAO (1992). Sustainable Livestock Production in the Mountain agro -ecosystem of Nepal . McGlone, J.J., et al. (2004). Review: Compilation of the Scientific Literature Comparing Housing Systems for Gestating Sows and Gilts Using Measures of Physiology, Behavior, Performance, and Health. The Prof. Anim. Sci . 20:105-117. Oloyo , A., and Ojerinde , A., 2019. Poultry Housing and Management, Poultry - An Advanced Learning , Asghar Ali Kamboh, IntechOpen , DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.83811.