production technology of pomegranate fruit crop

production technology

1. RAJMATA VIJYARAJE SCHINDIA KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, GWALIOR (MP) COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE , INDORE CLASS : MSC. PREV. 1 ST SEM VEGETABLE SCIENCE SUBJECT : TROPICAL AND DRYLAND FRUIT PRODUCTION SUBMITTED TO : DR. SWATI BARCHE MAM SUBMITTED BY : YOGENDRA RAJPOOT 21121410

2. POMEGRANATE Also known as fruit of paradise , fruit of love, national fruit of Iran . Scientific name :- punica granatum Family :- punicaceae Chromosome no. :- 2n=2X=16 Origin :- south west asia - Iran climate :- subtropical climate Fruit type :- balausta Pollination :- both self or cross occur (heterostyly )

3. pomegranate known as Anar in Hindi is commercial crop of India. Its origin lies in Persia. It is a rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin C. Pomegranate eaten as fresh fruit also its juice is cool and refreshing. Along with juice, each and every part of pomegranate has some medicinal value. Its root and peel used to cure diarrhoea, dysentery and worm killing in the intestines. Its petals are used for preparing dyes. Maharashtra is major producer of Pomegranate. Other states like Rajasthan, Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana are also cultivating pomegranate on small scale.

4. SOIL AND CLIMATE It can be grown on variety of soils. For optimum growth and yield, it required deep loamy and alluvial soils. It is tolerant to loamy and slightly alkaline soils. It is also cultivated on poor soils. Also medium and black soils are suitable for pomegranate cultivation. This fruit tree grows best in semiarid climate where cool winter and hot summer prevail. It can withstand temperature up to 45-48 degree centrigrade in combination with dry hot winds. The tree requires hot and dry climate during the periods of fruit development and ripening . The optimum temperature for fruit development is about 38.

5. VARIETIES B hagwa :  Bigger fruit size, sweet, bold and attractive arils, glossy, very attractive saffron coloured thick skin. This variety was found less susceptible to fruit spots and thrips as compared to other varieties and matures in mid-October. It gives an average yield of 14.kg per tree. Alandi Arakata :- dark red rind colour , soft seeded aril. Dholka :- fleshy testa , pinkish white or whitish with sweet juice. Ganesh :- seeds are soft with pinkish aril and sweet juice. Jyoti (GKVK 1) :- mixed seedling population of Bassein seedless and dholka . Khandari :- fruits are large in size , rind deep red , flesh testa , blood red or deep pink with sweet , slightly acidic juice , hard seed.

6. Propagation Common method of propagation is by rooting hard wood cutting. The cutting are taken from fully mature wood , about one year old. The cutting are usually taken from suckers which spring from the base of the main stem and should be 25-30 cm long.

7. Cultivation The layout is done according to square or hexagonal system . The spacing 5×2m gave highest yield as compared to normal spacing 5 5m. Training and pruning Training and Pruning help in growth of fresh healthy shoots. It removes old also disease branches and avoids overcrowding of branches. It also maintains proper shape of plant.

8. Irrigation Small round basins are made at the base of each tree and these are filled with water. Monsoon showers are supplemented by irrigation during may and June. Copious and regular irrigation is essential during fruiting season , as irregular moisture condition results in cracking of fruits.

9. Manuring and fertilisation Apply 5-6 kg Farm yard manure to one year old plant in December. Put Urea@50gm per plant every year in two equal splits. First dose is given in March month and second dose is given in April month. After 5 years start adding urea@250gm per plant.

10. Bahar or resting treatment The treatment consists in withholding of water for about two months in advance of the normal flowering season. After two months, soil is mixed with manure and light irrigation . 3-4 days later heavier irrigation at normal intervals are followed. The tress readily respond to this treatment by producing fresh growth and blossoms and bear a heavy crop of fruits . Normally , the pomegranate starts fruiting in about 4 years after planting. According to seasonal changes, there are three flowering seasons - June-July ( mrig bahar ) , feb -march( ambia bahar ), sept-oct( hasth bahar ).

11. Major pest of pomegranate Thrips : If thrips infestation is observed, take spray of Fipronil 80%WP@20ml/15Ltr of water. Fruit Fly:  It lay eggs on fruit rind/skin. After hatching they feed on pulp. Affected fruits get rot and then drop. Keep cleanliness in field. At time of flowering and fruit development, take spray of Carbaryl 50WP@2-4gm or Quinalphos 25EC@2ml/ Ltr of water. Mealy Bug : Its nymphs, start crawling on trees and feed on young flowers. Also secrete honeydew like substance and black mould is developed on it.  As a preventive measure, fastened, 25cm width Polythene(400gauge) strip around tree trunk to stop ascent of nymphs before hatching of eggs in month of Nov and Dec. keep orchard clean. If infestation is observed, take spray of Thiamethoxam [email protected]/ Ltr or Imidaclopird 17 [email protected]/ Ltr or Dimethoate 30 EC@2ml/ Ltr of water.

12. Aphid:  Infestation of Aphids is observed take Spray of Thiamethoxam [email protected]/ Ltr or Imidacloprid @0.35ml/Ltr of water. Shot hole borer:  If infestation is observed, to control take spray of Chlorpyriphos20EC@2ml/ Ltr or Cypermethrin @60ml/150Ltr respectively.

13. Important disease Fruit spots:  If infestation is observed take spray of Mancozeb or Copper [email protected]/ Ltr of water. Fruit rot : To control fruit rot, take spray of Streptocycline@50gm + Copper oxychloride@400gm/150Ltr of water. Take second spray 15 days after first spraying.   Wilt:  If infestation is observed, do drenching of Carbendazim@5gm/5Ltr to infected plant also other plants surrounding diseases plants.

14. Harvesting A fter flowering, fruits gets mature within 5-6months. When fruit changes its color from green to light yellow or red i.e fruits start ripening, it is optimum time for harvesting. Avoid delay in harvesting as it will lead to fruit cracking and thus leads to yield loss.

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