Programming Design Tools

Object-Oriented Program Logic and Design
Programming Design Tools

1. MODULE 1: Object-Oriented Program Logic and Design Chapter 2: Programming Design Tools Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Programming Design Tools

2. At the programming level, the following tools help in designing programs: •HIPO Chart •Pseudocode •Flowchart Program Development Tools Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

3. Program Development Tools HIPO Chart - Hierarchical Input-Process-Output • A tool used for Problem Definition and Problem Analysis • Helps clarify ambiguous portions of the specifications Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

4. Program Development Tools Pseudocode •Describes the logical flow of the solution to the problem through English-like code that closely resembles the actual programming language to be used. •There are no rigid syntax rules in pseudocode. More emphasis is placed in the logic of the solution rather than the syntax of the language. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

5. Program Development Tools Flowchart •Is used to graphically present the solution to a problem. It uses flowcharting symbols linked together in a “flow” that will arrive at the solution. •Among the tools, it is the easiest to understand because of it is visual appeal. However, the chart can get very cluttered and disorganized when working on complex problems. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

6. Program Development Tools - HIPO The HIPO Chart will be used throughout the course as the tool for problem definition and analysis. To derive a HIPO Chart, questions such as these may be asked: •What are the outputs required? •What are the inputs needed to produce the outputs? •What are the processes needed to transform the inputs to the desired outputs? Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

7. Simple Adding Problem Given 2 numbers, print the sum of the 2 numbers Using HIPO, 1. Define the outputs needed INPUT Sum of First Number and Second Number PROCESS OUTPUT Program Development Tools - HIPO Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

8. 2. What inputs are provided? What other inputs are needed to produce the output? INPUT Sum of First Number and Second Number PROCESS OUTPUT First Number and Second Number Program Development Tools - HIPO Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

9. Program Development Tools - HIPO 3. What processes are needed to transform the inputs to the desired outputs? INPUT Sum of First Number and Second Number PROCESS OUTPUT First Number and Second Number 1.Get First Number 2.Add Second Number to First Number 3.Print out the sum of the two numbers Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

10. Program Development Tools - HIPO Guidelines in developing the HIPO •Outputs should be determined first before inputs or processes. This establishes the objective and scope of the solution. Limit the outputs to those that are required in the specifications. •Outputs are easy to identify because they usually follow verbs like “display”, “print” or “generate”. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

11. Program Development Tools - HIPO Guidelines in developing the HIPO Inputs are also given in the specifications. In simple problems, the inputs clearly lead to the outputs. In complex problems, this may not be visible outright, but on further refinement of the solution. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

12. Program Development Tools - HIPO Guidelines in developing the HIPO •Processes contain the actions taken to transform the inputs to outputs. This can be stated in English and do not have to conform to any programming language. •Actions on processes are executed sequentially, e.g., from top to bottom. Numbering the steps signify the order of execution. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

13. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 Problem: •Given 3 whole numbers, print out the average of the 3 numbers. •Create a HIPO chart that would show your solution to the problem. Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

14. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 Problem Definition •Is the problem clear? •Are the outputs clearly defined? Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

15. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 Problem Analysis using HIPO Level 0 – Main HIPO INPUT Average of the 3 numbers PROCESS OUTPUT First Number, Second Number, Third Number 1.Compute the sum of the 3 numbers 2.Compute the average based on the sum 3.Print the average Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

16. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 Level 1 - HIPO Process 1 – Compute the sum of the 3 numbers Sum of the 3 numbers First Number, Second Number, Third Number 1.1 Get the 1st number 1.2 Get 2nd number and add to the 1st number 1.3 Get 3rd number and add to the sum in P1.2 Process 1 INPUT PROCESS 1 Process 1 OUTPUT Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

17. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 Level 1 HIPO Process 2 – Compute the average based on the sum Average of the 3 numbers Sum of the 3 numbers 2.1 Divide the sum by 3 Process 2 INPUT PROCESS 2 Process 2 OUTPUT Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

18. Level 1 HIPO Process 3 – Print the average Printed Average of the 3 numbers Average of the 3 numbers 3.1 Print the average Process 3 INPUT PROCESS 3 Process 3 OUTPUT Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

19. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.1 The HIPO in summary 1 st number, 2 nd number, 3 rd number INPUT Main Process 1-compute the sum Process 2 – compute the average Process 3 – Print the Average Printed Average of the 3 Numbers PROCESS OUTPUT Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

20. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.2 Problem: •A list contains names of students. Count how many times the name “Ana” appears in the list. •Create a HIPO chart that would show your solution to the problem Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools

21. Group Workshop – Exercise 2.3 Problem: •A box contains balls with different colors. Count the number of balls per color and display the total of all colors. •Create a HIPO chart that would show the solution to the problem Discussed By: Dr. Rosemarie S. Guirre Property of DICT: Chapter 2- Programming Design Tools