Projected Audio Visual Aids

Projected AV aids are pictures shown upon the screen bye the use of certain type of machines.

1. SEMINAR ON PROJECTED AV AIDS By: ABHISHEK MASIH MSC. NURSING 1 ST YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION Audio visual materials are produced, distributed and used as planned components of educational programs. It helps the process of learning that is motivation, classification and stimulation. It makes dynamic learning experience more concrete realistic and clarity . It provides significant gains in thinking and reasoning.

3. DEFINITION OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS Audio visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. -Burton Audio visual aids are anything by means of which learning process may be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight. -Goods, Dictionary of education Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic. -Kinder S. James  

4. CLASSIFICATION OF AV AIDS Non Projected Aids Projected Aids   Non- Projected Aids - Non projected visuals are those aids which are used without any projection. So they translate abstract ideas into a more realistic format. Projected Aids - Projected visual aids are pictures shown upon a screen by the use of a certain type of machines.

5. TYPES OF PROJECTED AV AIDS Opaque projectors Slides Overhead projectors Film strips Power Point Presentation TELEVISIONS LCD PANNELS

6. VALUES OF PROJECTED AV AIDS Best motivators: - they are the best motivators the student work with more interest and zeal. They are more attentive. Clear image: - These images are formed when we see, hear, touch, taste smell as our experiences are direct, concrete and more or less permanent. Learning through the senses becomes the most natural and consequently the easiest. Variety: - Audio visual aids provides variety and give different tools in the hand of the teacher like models, transparencies etc.

7. Helpful in attracting attention: - Attention is the true factors in any process of teaching and learning. Saving of energy and time :- A good deal of energy and time of both the teacher and the students can be saved on account of the use of aids as most of the concepts and phenomena may be easily clarified , understood and assimilated through their use.

8. Antidote to disease of verbal instructions -: They help to reduce verbalism. They help in giving clear concept and thus help to bring accuracy in learning. Spread of education on mass scale -: It helps in providing education to the people who living in the remote areas. They also help in promoting adult education. Helpful in attracting attention: - Attention is the true factors in any process of teaching and learning.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECTED AV AIDS They should be meaningful and purposeful They should be accurate in every aspects They should be simple They should be cheap They should be up to date They should be easily portable

10. They should be according to the mental level of students They should be motivate the learners They should be large enough to be properly seen by the students for whom they are meant They should be improvised

11. FUNCTIONS OF PROJECTED AIDS They supply a concrete basis for conceptual thinking and hence, reduce meaningless word response of students. They have high degree of interest for students. They make learning more permanent. They offer a reality of experience which stimulates self-activity part of pupil.

12. Develop continuity of thought; this is especially true of motion pictures. They provide experience not easily obtained through other materials and contribute to the efficiency, depth, and variety of learning.

13. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF PROJECTED AIDS Motivate student’s mental and physical activity. Save time Help to bring the change in the atmosphere of the class. Help to develop scientific attitude and get training in scientific method. Large number of students can taught at a time.

14. Most convenient, easy and natural way of learning. Make learning effective and durable Helps pupil to have clear conception of ideas, information, facts and principles.

15. PROJECTED AV AIDS

16. OPAQUE PROJECTOR The opaque projector is a device which displays opaque materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is used to focus an image of the material onto a viewing screen. Because they must project the reflected light.

17. Opaque projectors are typically used to project images of book pages, drawings, specimens etc. Care must be taken that the materials are not damaged by the heat generated by the light source.

18. PRECAUTIONS THAT SHOULD BE TAKEN FOR AN OPAQUE PROJECTOR Handled carefully Protected from breakage Kept clean Away from moisture Preferably kept in a cool room Switched of when not in use

19. SLIDE A slide is a still transparency of 70mm, 35mm or 6mm size which is optically enlarged and projected on a screen as a real image 3 KINDS OF SLIDES CAN BE MADE Marker slides Etched glass slides Silhouette slides

20. OVER HEAD PROJECTOR The overhead projector (OHP) is mostly used in all audiovisual aids .It projects transparencies with brilliant screen images suitable for use in a lighted room. The teacher can write or draw diagrams on the transparency while he teaches; these are projected simultaneously on the screen by the OHP.

21. An overhead projector consists of a metal box with a 1000 watt bulb and a concave reflector, a condenser lens illuminate the transparency placed on the glass sheet on the top of the box. There is a vertical rod by the slide of the box which carries an objective convex lens parallel to the transparency and a plane mirror to reflect the image on the screen.

22. The movement of the objective lens and mirror focuses the image properly on the screen. There is also a small cooling fan on the overhead projector to blow out the excess heat produced by the bulb.

23. USING AN OVERHEAD PROJECTOR Place the OHP on a stable table with the objective lens facing the screen. Put the cord plug into a power wall socket. Switch on the blower first and then the bulb Place the transparency on the glass top. Move the objective lens and mirror assemble up and down to get the image in the focus on the screen. Explain about the material on the transparency sitting behind the OHP with a small pointer.

24. OHP Transparencies Instructions Use of standard size of acetate sheet measuring 21.5 cm x 30 cm. OHP markers are also available in two types: temporary and permanent. The best colors to write on transparences are black, blue and green. There should be not more than 6 words in each line and not more than 8 lines in one sheet. A sheet with printed, written or drawn material is placed on the platform of the projector and a large image is projected on the screen.

25. The projected is used from rear to the front of the room with the teacher standing or sitting beside the projector, facing the student. Avoid copying information from a printed book or journal page. Such pages present too much information for students to take in and the print is usually too small for them to see easily.

26. Effective Use OF Transparencies The OHP and screen should be positioned in such a way that every student in class can see every part of the projected image with ease. The fan switched if provided, should not be switched of unit the light source cools down. The main plug and switch should not be turned off soon after using the projector. One should not transport while is lamp is still hot. Pointed objects such in pencils placed to transparency at the platform are recommended for pointing. Pointer should not roll down.

27. FILMSTRIPS A filmstrip is a continues strip of film consisting of individual frames or pictures arranged in a sequence usually with a specific title .In other words , filmstrips are a sequence of transparent still pictures with individual frames on a 35 mm film . A tape-recorded narration can be synchronized with a film strip. Each strip contains between 12 and 18 or more pictures .

28. Types of Filmstrips Discussion filmstrips : It is a continuous strip of film consisting of individual frames arranged in a sequence usually with explanatory titles. Sound slide film : It is similar to a discussion filmstrip but instead of explanatory titles or spoken discussion, the recorded explanation is audible and is synchronized with the pictures.

29. POWER POINT PRESENTATION The software was designed as convenient way to display graphical information that would support the speaker and supplement the presentation. The slides themselves were never meant to be the 'star of the show’. Power point can be an effective tool to present material in a classroom and encourage student learning. PowerPoint, when effectively planned and used, can enhance instructions.

30. DESIGNING THE POWERPOINT PRESENTATION STUDENT ACCESSIBLITY Visual impaired may not be able to fully access a PowerPoint presentation, especially those with graphics and images. If Teacher must make sure the classroom is equipped with that the laptop proper cables, drivers, and other means to display your presentation the way you have intended.

31. SLIDE CONTENT Remember rule of six. Six lines in slide and six word in each line. Avoid text dense Use brief points instead of to long sentences or paragraphs Relate PowerPoint material to course objectives to reinforce their purpose

32. NUMBER OF SLIDES As a rule of thumb , plan to show one slide per minute to account for discussion and time and for student to absorb the material Reduce redundant or text heavy sentences or bullets to ensure a more professional appearance.

33. EMPHASIZING CONTENT Use of a light background with dark typeface or a dark background with a light typeface is easy to read in a large room. Consider using different color slide backgrounds to change the pace of the presentation ( or when you shift to new major slide)

34. FONT SIZE Ensure the typeface is large enough to read from anywhere in the room: titles and headings should be not less than 32 - 36 for headings The subtext will be not less than 28 - 32.

35. CLIP ART AND GRAPHICS Photographs can be effectively used to add realism. Use clip art and graphics only when it supports the content.

36. ANIMATION AND SOUND Add motion, sound, or music only when necessary Excessive movement within or between slides can interface with the message can be annoying. Avoid or use only simple screen transitions.

37. TELEVISION Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving, moving images that can be monochrome (black & white) or colored with accompanying sound. Television is a very commonly and widely used medium for sharing and dissemination information between large groups. It is also very popular and widely viewed in different strata of the society because of its specific feature, the combination of audio and visual technology. In India, television is being used for imparting distance education through the educational programs.

38. LCD PROJECTOR An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying videos, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector. When connected to the computer will enable to project computer generated images onto a display screen.

39. Important factors that warrant careful consideration are projector brightness, portability, bulb life, the environment that the projector is going to be operated, the cost, resolution, contrast, ratio and networking connectivity of the projector, and how secure it is when in place.

40. ADVANTAGES OF PROJECTED AIDS Provides greater enjoyment in learning Stimulate more rapid learning Increase retention : larger percentage and longer retention Compels attention Enlarges or reduces actual size of objects Brings distant past and the present into the classroom

41. The mental reaction of the pupils to audio-visual experience is both intellectual and emotional They make a lasting impression on the minds of the learner "ONE PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS” THEY MAKE LEARNING realistic permanent natural and easy

42. DISADVANTAGES OF PROJECTED AIDS Needed a dark room It’s easier to lose focus requires a well-designed presentation or material participants might pay more attention to the graphics than the audio Sequence cannot be changed Not suitable for all type of educational materials.

43. CONCLUSION Projected aids are very useful for teaching process , these are great tools to catch the attention of audience , it is important to use variety of teaching methods for students with varying preferences and an AV aid should also not distract a student from learning experiences.

44. ABSTRACT - IMPACT OF VISUAL AIDS IN ENHANCING THE LEARNING PROCESS CASE RESEARCH SETTING: District Dera Ghazi Khan Ghulam Shabiralyani , Khuram Shezad Hassan , Naqvi Hamad, Nadeem Iqbal GC UNIVERSITY, FAISALABAD, PUNJAB PAKISTAN, POLICY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING UNIT, HEALTH DEPARTMENT PUNJAB, PAKISTAN, GHAZI UNIVERSITY DERA GHAZI KHAN , PUNJAB PAKISTAN , 2015 The research explore the teachers opinions on the uses of visual aids (e.g. pictures, animation , videos, projectors and films) as a motivational tool in enhancing students attention in reading literally text. To accomplish the aim of the research, the close ended questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The targeted population for this research was the staff and students of the public and private educational institutions of District Dera Ghazi khan. In this research the primary data was used for gathering information. The collected data is analysed through the Statistical Analyisis in Social Science SPSS software and also data was represented in the percentage distribution of pie, line, and bar graphs. The analysis of the data indicated the majority of the teachers and students and had positive perceptions of the use of visual aids.

45. BIBLIOGRAPHY BT Basavanthapa , Nursing Education. JAYPEE BROTHER PUBLISHER. New Delhi. 1 st Edition, 2003, Page 434 – 439. BT Basavanthapa , Nursing Education. JAYPEE BROTHER PUBLISHER. New Delhi. 2 nd Edition, 2004, Page 583 – 634. Emmess . Text Book of Nursing Education. EMMESS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS. Rajajinagar . Banglore.1 st Edition,2013, Page no.197-219 KP Neeraja . Textbook of Nursing Education. JAYPEE BROTHER PUBLISHER. New Delhi. First edition, 2003. Page no. 222 – 230 Eshita Chanda . Introduction to Nursing Education. S. Vikas and company (MEDICALPUBLISHER). Jalandhar City. Edition. 2014 Page no. 145 – 157 Jaspreet Kaur Sodhi . Comprehensive Textbook of Nursing Education. JAYPEE BROTHER PUBLISHER. New Delhi. First Edition. 2017. Page no.155 – 164. Saraspreet . (31 July 2016). Projected teaching aids. Retrived from http://www.slideshare.net Manuraj Mohan. (28 June 2013). Copy of projected aids. Retrieved from https://prezi.com

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