Properties.....................................pptx

Functions,
Design requirements,
Operation and performance of main components and sub systems of a vehicle including electrical systems (starting, ignition, charging, lighting etc.)

1. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steels It is a class of low alloy steels with ultrahigh strength (a yield strength above 1380 MPa , or 200 ksi ), called HSLA steels. These HSLA steels are a group of low- and medium-carbon steels that generally use small amounts of alloying elements to attain yield strengths usually above about 345 MPa (50 ksi )

2. Other Low-Alloy Steels There are many low-alloy steels that are not designed for just their room-temperature strength properties. These steels have additional properties, such as corrosion or heat resistance. Low-Alloy Steels for High-Temperature Properties Example: ASTM A 470 turbine rotor steel. These steels are used in steam turbines for electric power generation and contain combinations of nickel, chromium, molybdenum Low-Alloy Steels for Improved Corrosion Resistance low-alloy steels that have improved corrosion resistance. By adding of copper, nickel, chromium.

3. High-Alloy Steels High-alloy steels generally contain more than 8% total alloying elements. These steels include The corrosion-resistant (stainless) steels The heat-resistant steels The wear-resistant steels

4. Austenitic stainless steel Microstructure is austenite ( fcc ) at room temperature. These steels are Chromium-Nickel alloys. Chromium varies 15% to 22% and Nickel varies 3to 22%. The number 304 contains 18% Cr and 8% Ni(18/8stainless steel) These steels are non-magnetic since the addition of Ni. Other properties are weldability , increased strength, increased heat resistance, better corrosion resistance, and improved machinability .

5. Ferritic stainless steel These are basically chromium steels. It contains chromium from 10.5 to 27% and do contain small percentage of Nickel. Ferritic stainless steel are relatively inexpensive since they have contain less alloy and lack of Nickel. They are enable to be magnetic

6. Martensitic stainless steel These steels are essentially chromium steels with higher carbon content than either austentic and ferritic stainless steels The chromium and Carbon contents are balanced to ensure martensitic microstructure after hardening by heat treatments. Therefore these steels are harder than the previous two and are used for knife blades. Martensitic steels are magnetic since they do not contain Nickel

7. These steels are mainly Chromium-Nickel steels with precipitation hardening elements such as Copper, Aluminium Titanium. These steel can have ferritic and Martensitic Microstructure In the classification the Letters ”PH” is appeared for Precipitation Hardening. Precipitation-hardening stainless Steels