protons, neutrons, and electrons grade 8

description of protons, neutrons, and electrons

1. SUBATOMIC PARTICLES PROTON NEUTRON ELECTRON

2. + + + - - - PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS

3. Atomic Number and Mass Number Atomic Number All atoms can be identified by the number of protons and neutrons they contain. The atomic number (Z) determine the identity of an element. It is the number of protons in the nucleus and number of electrons

4. Therefore, Atomic Number = No. of Protons = No. of Electrons Z p + e -

5. Elemental symbol Atomic number (number of protons and number of electrons)

6. Atomic Number:______ No. of Protons:_______ No. of Electrons:_______ Example 1: Pd 46 ?? 46 46 46

7. Mass Number The mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are collectively referred to as nucleus . Atomic Number and Mass Number

8. Elemental symbol Mass number (number of protons + neutrons) Atomic number (number of protons and number of electrons)

9. Li 3 7 Element ( Lithium ) Mass number (7) Atomic number (3)

10. Therefore, Mass number = No. of Protons + No. of Neutrons A p + n + =

11. Rewriting the formula, we have: No. of Protons No. of Neutrons A p + n Mass number = - - =

12. Atomic Number:______ No. of Protons:_______ No. of Electrons:_______ Pd 46 106 46 46 46 Mass number :_______ 10 6 Number of Neutrons:_____ Example 1:

13. No. of Protons:_______ Atomic Number:______ No. of Electrons:_______ Pd 46 106 46 46 46 Mass number :_______ 10 6 Number of Neutrons:_____ 60 106 46 60 - = Example 1:

14. O 8 16 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element: Example 2: Oxygen

15. O 8 16 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element: Oxygen 8 Example 2:

16. O 8 16 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element: Oxygen 8 16 Example 2:

17. O 8 16 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element: Oxygen 8 16 Example 2:

18. O 8 16 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element: Oxygen 8 16 8 8 16 8 8 - = 8 Example 2:

19. Zn 30 ? Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element:_____ 35 Example 3:

20. Zn 30 ? Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Number of Electrons:____ Number of Neutrons:____ Element: Zinc 30 30 30 35 65 30 35 + = 65 Example 3:

21. Element:____________ Atomic Number:______ Mass Number:________ No. of Protons:________ No. of Electrons:_______ No. of Neutrons:_______ Element:____________ Atomic Number:______ Mass Number:________ No. of Protons:________ No. of Electrons:_______ No. of Neutrons: 6 Quiz Complete the information below for each given isotope:

22. Element:____________ Atomic Number:______ Mass Number:________ No. of Protons:________ No. of Electrons:_______ No. of Neutrons: 42 Element:____________ Atomic Number:______ Mass Number:________ No. of Protons:________ No. of Electrons:_______ No. of Neutrons: ______ Quiz Complete the information below for each given isotope:

23. IONS An atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge Typically results from a loss or gain of electrons. Two types of ions: cation and anion

24. CATION Ion with positive charge If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes a cation Na 11 protons 11 electrons Na + 11 protons 10 electrons

25. ANION Ion with negative charge If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes a cation Cl 17 protons 17 electrons Cl - 17 protons 18 electrons

26. ELECTRON IONS The no. of an electron in ions is the difference between the no. of proton and the charge of the atom.

27. Therefore, Charge of the Atom No. of Protons = No. of Electrons p + e - -

28. Li 3 7 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Charge of the atom:____ Number of Electrons:____ Element: Lithium 3 7 3 +1 2 Example 1: +

29. Cl ? 35 Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Charge of the atom:____ Number of Electrons:____ Element: Chlorine 17 35 17 - 1 18 Example 2 : -

30. S ? ? Atomic Number:____ Number of Protons:____ Mass Number:____ Charge of the atom:____ Number of Electrons:____ Element: Sulfur 16 32 16 - 2 18 Example 3 : 2-