PSM SEMINAR LUNG CARCINOMA K PARK EDITION.pptx

PSM

1. LUNG CANCER TOPIC PRESENTED BY RISHI KANNAN G S ROLL NUMBER 106

2. MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM Known in industrial workers from late 19 th Century Later the major cause of lung cancer became increasing adoption of Cigerette Smoking first by men later by women. According to WHO reports,the death rate due to lung cancer is increased 76 per cent in men and 135 per cent in women. The total burden in any country is directly proportional to the amount and duration of Cigerette Smoking Most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer deaths in 2020. Leading cause of Cancer related morbidity and mortality in men and third most in women . 3 to 4 times higher mortality rates in transitioned countries compared to transitioning countries

3. SCENARIO IN INDIA The age standardised incidence rate of the year 2020 was 8.4 per 100,000 population For men,the incidence was 7.8 per 100,000 . For women 3.1 per 100,000 population.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES 1) Age and Sex About a third of lung cancer deaths occur below the age of 65. Industrialized countries have more female incidence than males.

5. RISK FACTORS Smoking Smoking was suggested as a factor in 1920s. Two studies in India showed that the lung cancer in smokers is 8.6 times higher than non smokers Age starting to smoke, Number of Cigerettes smoked, Smoking habits all will affect risk factors. Those who are Exposed to “Passive Smoking” are also at an increased risk of developing Lung Cancer. Incidence reduction is obtained in Caessation of Smoking

6. The most noxious components of tobacco smoking are Carbon Monoxide and Nicotine. Tar is also a carcinogenic substance These components enhance blood coagulation and increased risk of Cardiovascular diseases. Reduction of threshold of ventricular fibrillation.

7. There is no difference in tar and Nicotine delivery between filter and Non filter Cigerettes Bidi smokers have more risk of getting lung cancer thanCigerette smokers

8. OTHER RISK FACTORS ✓ Apart from smoking there are other risk factors like air pollution, radioactivity, occupational exposure to asbestos,Arsenic and its compounds,Chromates and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing compounds and Nickel bearing dusts.

9. PREVENTION ✓ PRIMARY PREVENTION The mostnd mportant step in primary prevention is to control smoking. The control measures are Public education and information,Legislative and restrictive measures,Smoking cessation activities and National,International Co ordination.

10. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION The area of concentration is Young people and School Children. Awareness about hazards of smoking through mass media. National campaign might be required for the reach into a huge number of people.

11. LEGISLATIVE AND RESTRICTIVE MEASURES Controls of sales promotion,Health warnings on cigerette packets and Product description showing yield of harmful substances. Restriction of smoking in public as well as in workplace. Cigerette act 1975, Smoking is injurious to health.(1976 April 1).2003 Cigerettes and other tobacco products included in title.

12. SMOKING CESSATION ACTIVITIES In many countries over 90 per cent of people who gave up smoking was on their own interest. The aim of most therapies would be relief from abstinence symptoms.(Sleeplessness,craving,Dizziness and Constipation).

13. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CO ORDINATION Since smoking is a world wide problem,It requires co ordinated political and non Political approaches at local,National, international Levels.

14. SECONDARY PREVENTION Early detection of cases and their treatment Chest X Ray and sputum cytology for early detection of lung cancer are the two methods. Screening for lung cancer is less attractive,more expensive and Less potent than primary prevention. Effective treatment is yet to find

15. The patients without treatments will survive only for 2 to 3 months. ✓ The patients receiving combined chemotherapy will survive for 10 to 14 years ✓ In the view of this, primary prevention is always better. ✓ The treatments helps to reduce pain in last days in the life of a patient.