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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is often used to assess and treat mental health issues, but it can also be applied to other areas of human activity.
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is often used to assess and treat mental health issues, but it can also be applied to other areas of human activity.
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is often used to assess and treat mental health issues, but it can also be applied to other areas of human activity.
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is often used to assess and treat mental health issues, but it can also be applied to other areas of human activity.
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is often used to assess and treat mental health issues, but it can also be applied to other areas of human activity.
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is often used to assess and treat mental health issues, but it can also be applied to other areas of human activity.
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Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, including conscious and unconscious phenomena. Psychologists study a variety of topics, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion, intelligence, motivation, brain functioning, and personality. Psychological knowledge is

1. (UNIT VIII) STRESS & ITS EFFECTS E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD 1

2. Objectives E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD At the end of this unit learners will be able to: Define stress and adaptation. Identify types of stress. Identify major sources of psychological stress. Explain effects of stress on the body. Discuss different kind of indicators of stress. Describe General adaptation syndrome (GAS) Identify factors influencing stress intolerance .

3. DEFINITION 3 Stress is a state of emotional strain or pressure, whether it is physical or psychological. (Atkison , Berne & Woodworth) Stress is the body's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

4. Types of Stress 4 DISTRESS Stress due to an excess of adaptive demands placed upon us. The demands are so great that they lead to bodily and mental damage. e.g.: unexpected death of a loved one. EUSTRESS Unlike bad stress, or distress, eustress can help with motivation, focus, energy, and performance.. e.g.: praise from a superior for hardworking. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

5. Adaptation 5 The process by which human system modifies itself to follow the environment. It is a change that results from response to stress E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

6. Sources of stress 6 There are many sources of stress, these are broadly classified as: Internal stressors: they originate within a person e.g.: cancer, feeling of depression. External stressors: it originates outside the individual e.g.: moving to another city, death in a family. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

7. C o n t . … … … . 7 Developmental stressors: It occurs at predictable times throughout an individual„s life. e.g.: child- beginning of school. Situational stressors: They are unpredictable and occur at any time during life. It may be positive or negative. e.g.: death of family member, marriage/ divorce. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

8. Effects of Stress on the Body Physical - affects physiologic homeostasis Emotional - affects feeling towards self Intellectual - influences perception and problem solving abilities Social – can alter relationships with others Spiritual - affects one‟s beliefs and values 8 E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

9. INDICATORS OF STRESS 9 Physiological Psychological Cognitive Verbal-Motor E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

10. Physiological Indicators 10 Dilated pupils Diaphoresis Tachycardia Tachypnea Hypertension E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

11. Cont.…. 11 Increased blood clotting Bronchodilation Skin pallor Water retention, Sodium retention Oliguria Dry mouth, decrease peristalsis Hyperglycemia E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

12. Psychological indicators 12 Anxiety Fear Anger Depression E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

13. Cognitive Indicators 13 Problem solving Self control, Suppression and fantasy Thinking responses of the individual toward stress E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

14. Verbal / Motor Indicators 14 Crying Verbal abuse Laughing Holding and touching E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

15. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) GAS, is a term used to describe the body's short-term and long-term reactions to stress. It represents a three-stage reaction to stress. Alarm reaction (AR) Stage of resistance (SR) Stage of exhaustion (SE) 15 E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

16. Stage 1: Alarm Reaction (AR) 16 The alarm reaction, is the immediate reaction to a stressor. In the initial phase of stress, humans exhibit a "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for physical activity. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

17. Stage 2 might also be named the stage of adaptation, instead of the stage of resistance. The body has reacted to the stressor and adjusted in a way that begins to allow the body to return to homeostasis. If a stressful condition persists, your body adapts by a continued effort in resistance and remains in a state of arousal. 17 E d u catio n al P la t S f o rm A t D ag e 2 : Stage o f R e s i s tance (SR)

18. In the exhaustion phase, the physical and psychological energy used to fight a stressor has been depleted. Short-term stress would probably not deplete all of a person's energy reserves, but chronic stressors, such as the struggle to get straight as, financial worries, or fights with family and friends may create continuous states of alarm and resistance. When a person no longer has the adaptation energy stores for fighting a distressor, serious illness may result. E d u catio n al P la t S f o rm A t D ag e 3 : Stage o f E x haustion (SE) 18

19. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD 19

20. Factors influencing stress intolerance 20 One‟s knowledge and preparedness Hardiness Sensation Seeking Social support E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

21. Stress can be heightened when one is not aware of what to expect in the stressful situation. It is easier to cope when you have knowledge about stress 21 E d u catio n al P la t O f o rm A D n e‟ s k no w l e d g e & preparedness

22. Hardiness 22 Hardiness is a personality syndrome marked by control, challenge, and commitment that is relatively linked to strong stress resistance. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

23. Sensation seeking 23 Thrill seeking Excitement seeking Tendency to pursue new and different situations, feelings and experiences. People who are high in sensation tend to enjoy challenges. Usually engage in stressful activities and take it as a normal way of life. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

24. Social support: 24 Its different support and aids provided by members of your social network. It is associated with mental health. Serves as a protective shield for the individual which minimizes the negative impact of the stressor. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

25. STRESS MANAGMENT 25 Stress Relief Strategies: Body relaxation exercises - breathing techniques - guided imagery Physical exercise -yoga -work out routine Counseling -Talk therapy -Life coaching Changing perceptions and expectations E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

26. Cont.…… 26 Break jobs/tasks into manageable parts Set reasonable/realistic goals Avoid procrastination Set boundaries Don‟t compromise your values/beliefs Schedule “me” time E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

27. H e a l th i e r way s t o cope w it h stres s : (4 A ‟ s ) 27 Avoid unnecessary stress Alter the situation Accept the things you can‟t change Adapt to the stressor E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD

28. E d u catio n al P lat f o rm AD 28