PT & aPTT

HEALTH SCIENCE COURSES

1. PROTHROMBIN TIME 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 1

2. PROTHROMBIN TIME THIS TEST IS OFTEN KNOWN AS THE “QUICK” TIME AFTER Dr. A. QUICK ,WHO DESCRIBED IT 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 2

3. DEFINITION TIME REQUIRED FOR CLOTTING OF CITRATE OR OXALATE PLASMA IN A GLASS TUBE AFTER THE ADDITION OF CALCIUM AND TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 3

4. MATERIALS REQUIREDD WATER BATH STOP WATCH TEST TUBES BRAIN THROMBOPLASTIN (COMMERCIAL NAME THROMBOKINASES TABLETS ) 0.156g/dl CALCIUM CHLORIDE 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 4

5. PRINCIPLE THROMBIN KINASE (THROMBOPLASTIN PREPARATION OF HUMAN /RABBIT BRAIN )CONTAINING CALCIUM IONS IS ADDED TO CITRATED PLASMA COAGULATION MECHANISM IS TRIGGERED AND THE CLOTTING TIME IS RECORDED AFTER THE ADDITION OF THROMBOKINASE IN ADDITION TO CALCIUM IONS 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 5

6. PROCEDURE KEEP 2ml OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AT 37 c IN A TEST TUBE PIPETTE 0.1 ml OF PLASMA IN A SMALL TEST TUBE ADD 0.1ml OF BRAIN THROMBOPLASTIN AND MIX WAIT FOR 2 MINUTES ADD 0.1ml OF PRE-WARMED CALCIUM CHLORIDE,MIX AND START THE STOP WATCH 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 6

7. PROCEDURE HOLD THE TUBE IN FRONT OF SOURCE OF LIGHT KEEP TITLING THE TUBE GENTLY AT THE APPEARANCE OF FIBRIN CLOT,STOP THE WATCH IMMEDIATELY RECORD THE TIME THE TEST MUST BE PERFORMED IN DUPLICATE S WITH THE TEST AND CONTROL PLASMA AND AVERAGE VALUES OBTAINED REPEAT PROTHROMBIN TIME IN SECONDS 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 7

8. CLINICAL CONDITIONS & NORMAL VALUE PT IS DONE IN HAEMORRHAGIC CONDITIONS NORMAL VALUE – 14 +/- 2 seconds 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 8

9. PROLONGED PT LIVER DISEASE,DUE TO DIMINISHED SYNTHESIS OF CLOTTING FACTORS MASSIVE BLOOD TRANSFUSION DUE TO DILUTION OF PLASMA CLOTTING FACTORS FIBRINOGEN ABNORMALITY ( Eg . HYPOFIBRINOGENEMIA) 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 9

10. CAUSES OF DECREASED PT VITAMIN K SUPPLEMENTATION FRESH FROZEN PLASMA TRANSFUSION 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 10

11. COMPLETED PROTHROMBIN TIME 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 11

12. a ctivated PARTIAL THROMBOPLATIN TIME THE TIME REQUIRED FOR CLOTTING OF CITRATE PLASMA IN A GLASS TUBE AFTER THE ADDITION OF CEPHALIN ,PLASMA AND CALCIUM 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 12

13. MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS WATERBATH STOPWATCH CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF BRAIN (PHOSPHOLIPIDS) CALCIUM CHLORIDE - 0.025M TEST TUBE CONTROL PLASMA 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 13

14. PRINCIPLE THE PLATELET SUBSTITUTE (CEPHALIN) IN THE FORM OF PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN (PREPARED FROM RABBIT BRAIN AS CHLOROFORM EXTRACT) WHEN MIXED WITH TEST PLASMA AND CALCIUM IONS,CLOT FORMATION TAKE PLACE 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 14

15. PROCEDURE PIPETTE 0.2ml OF BRAIN EXTRACT IN A SMALL TEST TUBE ADD 0.2ml OF PLASMA ADD 0.2 ml OF PRE- WARMED (AT 37 c) CALCIUM CHLORIDE START STOP WATCH IN THE TUBE TILL THE FIBRIN CLOT APPEARS NOTE THE TIME REPORT THE TIME REPORT THE PROCEDURE FOR CONTROL SERUM 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 15

16. THE VOLUME OF THE CONTROL SHOULD BE WITHIN THE NORMAL RANGE,OTHERWISE CHECK THE REAGENTS THIS TEST SHOULD BE PERFORMED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE BLOOD COLLECTION BY A DISPOSABLE PLASTIC SYRINGE PREFERABLY IN PLASTIC TUBE NORMAL RANGE: 60 TO 80 SECONDS 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 16

17. ABNORMAL PTT INDICATES STAGE 1,COAGULATION DEFECTS THAT IS DEFICIENCY OF ONE OR MORE FACTORS –XI,XII,IX,V,II 1.PRESENCE OF INHIBITORS OF COAGULATION SUCH AS FACTOR INHIBITORS FOUND IN SLE – SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMA (AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CAUSED WHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS ITS OWN TISSUES) DIC - DISEMMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION(BLOOD CLOTS AND BLEEDING,POSSIBLY FROM MANY SITES IN THE BODY) 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 17

18. PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS APTT (3MARKS) SEPTEMBER 2014 NAME VARIOUS ANTICOAGULANTS USED IN BLOOD BANK AND DISCUSS VARIOUS ROUTINE HEMATOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS DONE IN BLEEDING DISORDERS AUG/SEP 2009 PT (5 MARKS) QUESTION BANK /MARCH 2013 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 18

19. COMPLETED aPTT 10-Oct-19 PROTHROMBIN TIME G.KALAIVANI 19