Public Domain Software and Databases.pdf

This presentation used for educating undergraduates may be useful for students for self learning

1. Information for learning: Public
Domain Software and Databases Domain Software and Databases
Development programme
16th Batch
20/03/2014
By
J JG Arachchige

2. Why information?
We are in the Information Age.
Information has become a basic need
afterfood,shelterandclothing
•Education
•Career
•Leisure
•Problem solving
•All activities of our life

3. Manifestation of Knowledge
Data
Information
Knowledge

4. New knowledge is often based on the
existingknowledge.Therefore,youhave
toaccesstheexistingknowledgeinorder
to
create
new
knowledge
.
We need knowledge
to
create
new
knowledge
.

5. “One can have information without
knowledge, but it is impossible to have
knowledge without information
”
knowledge without information
”
(
Waggoner)

6. Learning process…
Interpret the knowledge through critical
Access to existing knowledge
Create new knowledge
Interpret the knowledge through critical
thinking

7. Learning process
Learning is an activity of acquiring new
knowledge, behaviours, skills, values,
preferences or understanding , and may
involve synthesizing different types of involve synthesizing different types of information.

8. “If you give a man a fish
He will have a single meal
If you teach him how to fish If you teach him how to fish
He will eat all his life”
(a Chinese proverb)

9. Where we should go to find
information
•Internet
•Library
•Bookshop •
Museum
•
Museum
•Institutions
•personnel

10. What we need to Log into the Internet
•Computers
•Networking
•Internet connection
•
Software
to brows the net
•
Software
to brows the net

11. What is the Internet
•theInternetisacomplexworldwidenetwork
of computer networks, that areconstantly
evolvingandarecontrolledbynoone.
•It covers large, international wide area
networks (WAN’s), small Local Area
Networks (LAN’s) and individual
computers connected to the Internet
worldwide.

12. •“No all the information that exists in the
world is on the Internet”
“No all the information that is on the Internet
•
“No all the information that is on the Internet is accurate.”

13. wSoftware/ 
programs
wResearch articles
w
Research reports
•fact information 
•official application 
forms 
•
job announcements
What can be found on the Internet?
w
Research reports
wMagazines 
wBooks 
• Movies
• Music
•
job announcements
•Many more  ………… 

14. Software
•
Freeware
is free to use and does not require any payment 
from the user.
Computer 
software
comes in three different 
flavors: freeware, shareware, and commercial 
software. 
from the user.
•
Shareware
is also free to use, but typically limits the 
program's features or the amount of time the software can 
be used unless the user purchases the software. 
•Commercial software 
requires payment before it can be 
used, but includes all the program's features, with no 
restrictions or time limits.

15. Public domain software
Publicdomainsoftwarereferstosoftwarethatis
notlimitedbyhavingacopyright.Itcanthus
befreelyused,copied,oraltered,becauseno
oneownstherightstorestrictitsuse.
There are plenty of public domain software
programs created by various experts and
freelyavailableontheInternet.
OpenSource
-

16. Searching the Internet
Search Tools  •Web browsers
•Search Engines
•Searching techniques and Mechanisms

17. Web Browser
Browser is the software that is used to view the We b,
navigate
and search the World Wide Web and Keep
favorites. Most popular web browsers are:
•Netscape (
www.netscape.com/
)
•
Internet Explorer (
www.microsoft.com/ie/
)
•
Internet Explorer (
www.microsoft.com/ie/
)
•Cyberdog(
www.cyberdog.org/
)
•Activator Desk (
http://www.activatordesk.com/
)
•Neoplanet(
www.neoplanet.com/
)
•Opera (
www.opera.com
)
•
Mozilla
•
Google Crome

18. Activity 01
a) Log onto the internet through
Internet
Explorer
,
Mozilla
and
Google Crome
b) Examine the differences between each
other regarding the other regarding the
–Interface
–Search facilities
–Speed

19. Search engines
Search engines are those that compile their own ‘wo rd by 
word” index to the Web automatically by using “spid ers” or 
“robots” to crawl through the Web from link to link . 
There 
are many  search engines: 
•
Google
http://www.google.com/ http://www.google.com/
•
Google
http://www.google.com/ http://www.google.com/
•Altavista(
www.altavista.com/
)
•Direct Hit (
www.directhit.com/
)
•Excite (
www.excite.com/
)
•Fast search (
www.alltheweb.com/
)
•HotBot(
http://hotbot.lycos.com/
)
•Infoseek(
http://www.go.com
)
•Bing (
http://www.bing.com/
)

20. Individual Search Engines
•All search engines do keyword searches 
against a database.
•Factors that influence the results from each 
one are: 
–
size of the Index, 
20
–
size of the Index, 
–frequency of update, 
–speed, 
–search capability 
–and design.

21. eWhen using individual search engines the 
index database is actually searched. Not the 
entire Web. Most of search engines are not 
current.
e
For a more comprehensive search use more 
e
For a more comprehensive search use more  than one search engine although there will be 
some overlap.

22. Examples of individual search 
engines •
AltaVista
—Comprehensive. Searches  the entire 
HTML file. 
•
Excite
—Concept searching is the strong feature. 
Good 
for narrowing down searches.
22
Good 
for narrowing down searches.
•
Google
—Perhaps the largest search engine on the 
Web. Keeps current.
•
HotBot
—Has some unique search features including 
sorting results by date or media type.
•
Lycos
—Oneoftheoldestsearchtoolsonthe
Internet,butkeeping up-to-date with a
varietyofresultoptionsavailable.

23. Activity -2 Log onto the following Search Engines and
Search the term “first woman to climb the
Mount Everest”
•
AltaVista
—
http://www.altavista.com
•
AltaVista
—
http://www.altavista.com
•
Excite
—http://www.exite.com
•
Google
—http://www.google.com.
•
HotBot
—http://www.hotbot.com
•
Lycos
—http://www.lycos.com

24. Meta-Search engines
•Meta search engines search the index 
databases of individual search engines 
simultaneously.
•
These search engines search in a number of
•
These search engines search in a number of other search engines. Here your queries will
be submitted to several search engines.
•Ask Jeeves(
www.askjeeves.com/
)
•C4 (
www.c4.com/
)
•Dogpile(
www.dogpile.com/
)

25. Meta-search Engines … •They offer a quick and dirty approach to 
searching that sometimes works. 
•They do not search all the search engines. 
(except some of the largest search engines 
25
(except some of the largest search engines  on the Web like 
Northern Light
and 
Google)
•Examples: 
Dogpile
, 
Mamma
, 
Metacrawler
, 
SavvySearch
, 
Ixquick
, 
Vivisimo
, 
Profusion

26. •Yippy-
http://yippy.com
•Dogpile-
www.dogpile.com
•SurfWax-
www.surfwax.com
•CopernicAgent -
•
Mamma
-
http://www.mamma.com/
•
Metacrawler
-
http://www.metacrawler.com/
•
SavvySearch
-
http://www.search.com/
•Ixquick
https://www.ixquick.com
•Vivisimo -
•Profusion

27. How information is stored on the
Web
The Internet is made up of Web pages.
eWeb/Subject Directories
e
Information Gateways 
e
Information Gateways 
e
Specialised Databases 
(Invisible or 
Deep Web)

28. Web Directories
Directories are created by a staff of editors 
who visit and evaluate web sites, and then 
organize them into subject-based 
categories and sub
-
categories.
categories and sub
-
categories.

29. Subject/Web Directories
One key difference between a search engine and a directory is 
that a directory has a structure that can be browsed and it is 
created by human editors who decide where to list each site 
within the subject based directory structure.
Examples of subject directories: 
•
Yahoo!
–
http://
dir.yahoo.com
29
•
Yahoo!
–
http://
dir.yahoo.com
•
Snap
-
http://www.snap.com
•
LookSmart
-
http://www.looksmart.com/
•Excite •
Magellan
•
Ipl2
-http://
www.ipl.org
•
Infomine
-
http://infomine.ucr.edu
•
About.com -www.about.com

30. Activity 3 Use following Subject Directories and find more sp ecific
directories accessible.
ipl2
-
http://
www.ipl.org
Infomine
-
http://
informine.ucr.edu
About.com
-
http://about.com
Yahoo! Directory
–
http://dir.yahoo.com
•Read through the descriptions. Sometimes these reso urces
are identified as "Directories, "Virtual Libraries, " or "Gateway
Pages“. Try adding the terms web directories to your subject
keyword term. EXAMPLES:
–civil war web directories
–Engineering web directories

31. Use Yahoo! Directory, and find resources under following 
categories
•Arts & Humanities, 
•Business & Economy, 
•Computers & Internet, 
•Education, 
•
Entertainment,
•
Entertainment,
•Government, 
•Health, 
•News & Media, 
•Recreation & Sports, 
•Reference, Regional, Science, Social Science, Society & 
Culture.

32. Searching Techniques
Simple searching •
Key word searching
Advanced searching •Truncation •
Wild card characters
32
•
Key word searching
•Author 
•Title 
•Subject
•
Wild card characters
•Boolean Logic Operators
•Phrase searching

33. Searching techniques
1. Guessing URLs
2. BooleanOperators(AND,OR,NOT)
3. Phrase or proximity search
4. 
Wildcards
(
truncation
) 
4. 
Wildcards
(
truncation
) 
5. Nesting(parentheses) « »
6. Field searching (domain, image, link, text, titl e,)

34. Parts of a URL
http://www.starwars.com/seminars.html
•http://--
hypertext transfer protocol :
the language computers use to “talk” to one another
•www
—world wide web:
the body of information connected by the cables and  computers of the  the body of information connected by the cables and  computers of the  Internet
•.starwars
—domain name:
the structured, alphabetic-based, unique name for a computer 
on a network
•.
com
—top level domain:
gives an idea of where the document is stored
•seminars
—file name:
a folder within a website
•.
html
—hypertext markup language:
the computer language used to format documents

35. Top Level Domains
•edu/.ac
higher education
•.com
commercial
•.gov
government agency
••
.
mil
military organization
•.org
general noncommercial organization
•.
net
computer network
•.int-
international organization

36. Boolean (Search) Operators
•Boolean operators allow you to join terms 
together, widen a search or exclude terms from 
your search results. This means you can be more 
precise in locating your information. 
•
Inserted in a search box 
–
AND, OR, NOT
•
Inserted in a search box 
–
AND, OR, NOT
•Must be in UPPERCASE when used
•AND, NOT operators are processed in a left-to 
right sequence. These are processed first before 
the OR operators
•OR operators are also processed from left-to-right

37. Operator Description Example
use a keyword or idea, 
be specific
diabetics
use capitals only for 
proper nouns. 
Avoid plurals.
Sri Lanka
3/20/201437
Avoid plurals.
AND, +, &include both words
Self medication 
AND Woman
ORinclude either word
woman OR 
female

38. Boolean logic operators
Women
OR
Female
3/20/201438
It retrieves all records containing 
women
or 
female
or both terms. It retrieves more records than if you 
had only searched for one of the term.

39. Self medication
AND
wom?n   (AND, +, &)
3/20/201439
It retrieves records containing both 
wom?n
and 
self 
medication
. It retrieves fewer records than if you searched 
for records containing only 
wom?n
or records containing 
only 
self medication
.

40. Asian countriesNOTdeveloping 
countries
3/20/201440
“not” excludes records containing the search term from 
your results. It retrieves those records that conta in Asian 
countries and  not developing countries. 

41. Phrase searching
•To search words as a phrase, means that you
want your words to be found together in
exactly that order. Most search engines will
recognize a phrase if the words are enclosed recognize a phrase if the words are enclosed in "quotation marks".
•Enclose the phrase in
“…”
or
(…)
–prevention and
(
malaria parasite
)
–“Towards a healthier Scotland”
–"affirmative action"
–"world health organization
"

42. Truncation/Wildcards searching
allow you to search alternative spellings
vEx:
child
*
for child OR
childs
OR children
child
*
for child OR
childs
OR children
parasite
*
for parasite OR parasites
femini
*
matches feminine, feminist, feminism,
etc.
manage
*
will find manage
r
, manage
rs
, manage
ment
,
manage
rial
etc.
3/20/2014 42

43. •Alternate spellings:
?
Wildcard searching
Wildcard symbols replace a single letter, so can be used to find
terms with different spellings .
Examples:
wom
?
n would search for “woman” and “women”
Organi
?
ationwould search for “Organization” and
“Organisation”

44. Africa AND (malaria OR tuberculosis)
malaria tuberculosis
africa
Africa AND (malaria or tuberculosis) –in the shaded area
The (OR)operator retains items in each term and the AND
operator is used to combine two concepts

45. Search Strategy
organi
?
ation
*AND
(change
OR
development)
AND
(health service
OR
health
authorit
*
OR
NHS
OR
National
(health service
OR
health
authorit
*
OR
NHS
OR
National
Health Service)
AND
(middle manage
*
)
…we use ORto combine 
alternatives for the same
concept so that anyof these
can be in the article…

46. eActivity 4 Go to
Google (www.google.com)
and search for:
–
strategies for learning online ( emphasis is on design of online courses rather
than learning online )
–
"strategies for learning online"
–
"strategies for learning online" (matches on words but is too limiting)
–
strategies for learning online *
(results are more about learning online)
eRepeat the same in
http://books.google.com

47. Field searching
•Many of databases are provided with Field
Specific Searching facilities.
–author, title, journal, date, URL, etc.
•
Language Restrictions, Humans or Animals,
•
Language Restrictions, Humans or Animals, Gender and other limits

48. Formulate a search  expression for the following:
“E-publications and libraries”
1. Write down the question or topic sentence 2.
Select the keywords from the title
Activity 5
2.
Select the keywords from the title
3. Write down below each keyword 
synonymous terms
4. Combine keywords using Boolean 
symbols or any other
5. Now search it on “Google scholar”

49. Example:  
The topic : E-publications and libraries
Concept E-publications Libraries 
Synonym
Digital  publications
Information  centers
publications
centers
Synonym
E-books
Reading 
centers
Synonym
E-journals
Resource 
collections

50. Formulating the Search Statement –Formulate search statement by
combiningkeywordsusingAND,OR,
NOT
–
Use
truncation(*)
and
parenthesis
to
50
–
Use
truncation(*)
and
parenthesis
to
enclosesynonymoustermsandseparate
themfromanothersetofsynonymous
terms
–Use quotes to put adjacent terms
togetherasasingleconcept.

51. Example: 
–E-publications 
AND
libraries 
NOT
e-books
–(
E-pub
*
OR Digital pub
*
OR E-Journals
)
AND 
(
Libraries or 
“
Information Centers
”
or 
“
Reading Centers
”)
NOT E
-
books
“
Reading Centers
”)
NOT E
-
books
•Some databases use search boxes already 
linked by the Boolean symbols
Now search it on “Google scholar”

52. Subject Gateways
•A subject gateway can be defined as some facility that
allows easier access to networked-based resources in a
defined subject area.
•
Simply it can be a set of web
-
pages containing lists of links
to resources
•
Simply it can be a set of web
-
pages containing lists of links
to resources
•The aim is to help users locate relevant and quality
resources on the internet
•More focus on sifting for relevancy and quality

53. Types of Gateways
•Librarygateways:Collectionsofdatabasesand sites
thathavebeenassembledbylibrarians. Example:
InternetPublicLibrary
.
•Portals:(verticalportals)Subjectspecific databases
created
by
researchers,
experts
or
organizations
.
53
created
by
researchers,
experts
or
organizations
.
Example:
ERICClearinghouses,WebMD
.
•Portals:(Horizontalportals)Sitesthatoffernot only
searchingandlinkstoresourcesby subject, but also
many other services such as: shopping, travel and
airline ticket bookings, entertainment, stock quotes,
games,chatrooms,freee-mail,etc.

54. A sample of a Gateway
54
((((Gateway for world Libraries) http://www.libdex.com/

55. A Sri Lankan Web Gateway
55
((((Sri Lankan Web Gateway)
http://www.pooranee.com

56. An Useful Subject Gateway
56
URL:
http://infomine.ucr.edu/

57. 57

58. A Social Science Gateway
SOSIG:
Social Sciences Information gateway http://www.sosig.ac.uk/
PSIgate
:
58
PSIgate
:
Offers access to high quality Web resources in
the physical sciences; astronomy, chemistry,
earth sciences, materials sciences, physics, and
science history and policy.
http://www.psigate.ac.uk/

59. •The "visible web"is what you can find
using general web
search engines
.
•It is also what you see in almost all
subject directories
.
The “Invisible Web”
subject directories
.
•Yet the "invisible web"is what you
cannot find using these types of tools.
•
Invisible web

60. Invisible Web
Web Subject Guides Open Archives/Digital Libraries The so-called invisible Web is data that's locked u p in databases, or it's in non-text
formats, but in either case, it's hidden from searc h engines. Also,
What is the
Invisible Web?
(UC Berkeley libraries)
Beaucoup
-
2000+ Search Engines, Indices, and Directories arra nged by subject
Beaucoup
-
2000+ Search Engines, Indices, and Directories arra nged by subject
Invisible Web
- Hundreds of sources in all subjects
Complete Planet
- Claims to include over 100,000 databases and speci alty search
engines from the "Deep Web." Some resources seem od dly classified.
Invisible-Web.net
- Web directory of sources. Based on the book by Chr is Sherman
and Gary Price
Profusion
- 500 sources arranged in a subject directory and se archable from this
site

61. How to Find the Invisible Web
•Simply think "databases" and keep your eyes open.
You can find searchable databases containing
invisible web pages in the course of routine
searching in most general web
directories
.
•
Of particular value in academic research are:
•
Of particular value in academic research are:
–
ipl2
–
Infomine
•Use
Google
and other
search engines
to locate
searchable databases by searching a subject term
and the word "database".

62. •The word "database" is also useful in
searching a topic in the
Google Directory
or
the
Yahoo! directory
, because they sometimes
use the term to describe searchable databases
in their listings.
•
Examples:
•
Examples:
–plane crash database
–languages database
–toxic chemicals database
•
Digital Libraries
in yahoo Directory

63. Search the following
•Doaj
-
http://www.doaj.org
•E-LIS
-
http://eprints.rclis.org/
•ERIC
-
http://www.eric.ed.gov
•
SLJOL
-
http://www.sljol.info/
•
SLJOL
-
http://www.sljol.info/
•OpenDoar
-
http://www.opendoar.org/
•Tech Terms
-
http://www.techterms.com
•Quest
-
http://www.questia.com/

64. •
OpenDOAR
-Directory of OA repositories 
http://www.opendoar.org/find.php
.
•
Open Access Directory  http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Main_Page
•
OAISTER 
-
http://oaister.world
cat.org
•
OAISTER 
-
http://oaister.world
cat.org
/

65. Subject Repositories
•
Research Papers in Economics 
-
http://repec.org/
•
Physics repository  -
http://arxiv.org/
•
Registry of Open Access Repositories  http://roar.eprints.org/ http://roar.eprints.org/
•
E-LIS
-
http://eprints.rclis.org/
•
CogPrints
, an electronic archive for
Psychology
,
Neuroscience
, 
Linguistics
, 
Computer Science
,
Philosophy
and 
Biology
http://cogprints.org/
•
PubMed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/tools/openftlist /

66. Multidisciplinary repositories
Multidisciplinary repository is intended to share a nd 
showcase all research outputs not already posted in  
subject or institutional repositories. 
•
OpenDepot.org
http://opendepot.org/information.html
•
OpenDepot.org
http://opendepot.org/information.html
•
Zenodo
-
http://zenodo.org/
•
OpenAIRE-http://www.openaire.eu/

67. •Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association 
(OASPA
).-
http://oaspa.org/
•
Scholarly Open Access http://scholarlyoa.com/individual-journals/

68. Other Electronic Resources
•Library OPACs (May or may not be available 
on the Web as a tool to access the holdings of 
a library.
•Library produced indexes and abstracts
May be on CD
-
ROM or available online via 
68
May be on CD
-
ROM or available online via 
the library LAN 
•CD-ROMs 
(May or may not be Web/LAN accessible): 
Commonly used for periodical indexes, 
statistical databases, and multimedia exhibits.

69. Advantages of Electronic Online 
Searching
•Speed—It takes only seconds or minutes to 
conduct a search 
•Flexibility—Linking is fast
•
Variability
—
Terms can be truncated
69
•
Variability
—
Terms can be truncated
•Currency—More frequent updates
•Timeliness—Fast access and delivery
•Availability at a distance—Resource can be 
searched online from remote PCs 
•Multimedia—The information can contain 
text, audio, video, photographs, etc.

70. Disadvantages of relying solely on 
electronic resources
•Not all information is available in electronic 
format
•Quality control may be weaker than in the 
case of print resources 
70
case of print resources 
•The number of hits is voluminous but a large 
number of false hits is also retrieved
•Many electronic resources were published 
only after the 80’s. For historical research, 
print resources must be used

71. Using the Library
eBecome a member of the library
eUnderstand the arrangement of the
resources
Study the system
e
Study the system
eAdhere to the rules & regulations
eUnderstand ethics and policies
eUse the resources fairly and protect them
for the future

72. Library of the Faculty of Engineering
•Log onto the Internet
•Log onto the Engineering faculty homepage
•Click on the Library
•
Click on Search
•
Click on Search
•Use advanced searching
•Find b
ooks on earthquake

73. 73

75. http://www.lib.ruh.ac.lk/Eng/index.php

76. Thank you Thank you

77. Acid-Base Indicators Preparation of Acid-Base Indicators Atomic Masses of the Elements Atomic Numbers, Symbols, names, atomic weights and densities of the elements. Buffer Solution Formulas Chemical Warning Labels Common and Trade Names of Chemicals Composition and Physical Properties of Alloys Composition and Caloric Content of Foods Concentrations of common commercial acids and bases Conversion factors for common weights and measures Dissociation Constants of Common Acids and Bases Dissociation Constants of Common Acids and Bases Equilibrium Constants Periodic Table -- A Word Perfect 5.1 file, downloada ble only, see above. Periodic Table, downloadable, in color, in jpeg for mat Periodic Table, Web page with downloadable image in jpeg format Physical Properties of Common Woods Power Prefixes Solubility Products Solubility Rules Standard Reduction Potentials Synonyms of Chemicals Synonyms of Minerals Yamada Universal Indicator

78. Practical
1. Go to the University of MoratuwaLibrary and find out a list of books
on “concrete Bridges” .
2. Go to Science direct and find Engineering journal s
3.
Log on to Web page of the Library faculty of Engine ering University of
http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia http://www.internettutorials.net/ Internet tutorials
3.
Log on to Web page of the Library faculty of Engine ering University of Ruhunaand find free online journals
4. Select books on earthquake from Web page of the L ibrary faculty of
Engineering University of Ruhuna