PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM......pptx

A pulmonary drug delivery system refers to a method or device designed to administer medications directly into the lungs. This system typically uses inhalation as the route of administration, allowing the drug to be absorbed quickly into the bloodstream through the large surface area of the lung's alveoli. Pulmonary drug delivery systems are commonly used for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung-related illnesses.

These systems can include inhalers, nebulizers, and other devices that create fine particles or aerosols of medication to be inhaled. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of pulmonary drug delivery systems, emphasizing the role and mechanics of aerosol technology. The process begins when the patient inhales the drug, typically formulated as fine particles or aerosols.

These particles travel through the respiratory tract and reach the alveoli, where they are absorbed into the bloodstream. The effectiveness of this delivery method depends on the particle size, distribution, and the patient's inhalation technique Aerosols are suspensions of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas.

In pulmonary drug delivery, aerosols ensure that the medication is dispersed effectively within the lungs. Key factors influencing aerosol performance include: Particle Size: Optimal particle size (1-5 microns) ensures deep lung penetration and efficient absorption. Dispersion: Uniform dispersion of particles enhances drug delivery efficiency. Stability: Stable aerosols maintain their form and efficacy during inhalation. it also includes the methodology of the aerosol, the quality test, and the evaluation of the aerosol.

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1. UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES TOPIC:- PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Made by:- Pramesh Panwar

2. .TITLE. I ntroduction about Pulmonary D rug D elivery S ystem. Applications A dvantages and Disadvantages Aerosols Advantages and Disadvantages C omponent of Aerosols Propellant Container Valve Actuator Product Concentrate M anufacture of Pharmaceuticals aerosols Pressure Filling Apparatus Cold Filling Apparatus Compressed gas Apparatus Quality test control E valuation test

3. INTRODUCTION Pulmonary drug delivery system refers to a device technology or formulations of a drug meant for infusion into the body via., the pulmonary route Pulmonary route use to treat different respiratory disease from last decade. The inhalation therapies involved the use of leaves from plants, vapors from aromatic plants etc. Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect. In 1920s- Adrenaline was introduced as a Nebulizer solution In 1925s- Porcine insulin nebulizers was first brought into use for conducting experimental studies on diabetes Mid 1940s- Pulmonary delivery of penicillin was a subject of investigation in mid 1940s Around 1955- Steroids used for T/t of Asthma.

4. The Respiratory tract is one of the oldest routes use for the administration of drugs. It is find as a valuable tool in the local therapy of pulmonary diseases such as asthma or COPD. The drugs which are administered by pulmonary route are not only for drug used for lungs delivery, but it goes into systemic circulation and produce the effect where it is desired through out the body For example:- A product containing ergotamine tartrate is available as an aerosolized dosage inhaler for the treatment of migraine and volatile anesthetics including, Halothane are also given via the pulmonary route

5. AEROSOLS Aerosol is pressurized dosage form containing one or more therapeutic active ingredients. A Pharmaceutical aerosol is defined as a colloidal system containing liquid or solid particles (active ingredients) suspended in a propellants (liquefied gas or compressed gas). The power propellants helps in expelling the contents from the container. Advantages. Easily withdrawn of drugs. Controlled uniformly release. No micro-organism can enter. A specific amount of dosage form can be removed Avoid Ist pass metabolism/ No Manual / direct contact with the medicaments. Faster onset of drug action/ Easy and convenient to apply.

6. Disadvantages Costly Explosive Allergic in some cases Some formulation is difficult

7. PROPELLANT It is Responsible for providing proper pressure within the container. Provide the driving force to expel the product form the container TYPES OF PROPELLANT Liquefied gases propellant Compressed gases propellant

8. LIQUEFIED GASES PROPELLANT It exist as liquids under pressure because the aerosol is under pressure propellant exist mainly as a liquid, but it will also be in the head square as a gas. The product is used up as the valve is opened, some of the liquid propellant turn to gas and keeps the head space full of gas. In this way the pressure in the can remains essentially constant and the spray performance is maintained. Example :- Butane, Isobutane, Propane gas. Product :- Air fresheners, fly spray.

9. COMPRESSED GASES PROPELLANT Compressed gas propellants occupy the head space above the liquid in the can When the aerosol valve is opened the gas pushes the liquid out of the can. The amount of gas in the headspace remains the same but it has more space, and as a result the pressure will drop during the life of the can. Spray performance is maintained however by careful choice of the aerosols valve and actuator. Eg:- NO2, N 2, CO2 gas Product:- perfumes.

10. CONTAINERS They must be able to withstand pressures as high as 140–180 psig (pound per square inch gauge) at 130 F. TYPES Metals Tinplated steel. Aluminum. Stainless steel. B. Glass Uncoated glass. Plastic Coated glass. Used for the product having low pressure of 33psig Mainly used for inhalation aerosols.

11. VALVES It is used to control the flow of Aerosols within a system. Easy to open Capable of delivering the content in the desired form such as spray, foam, solid steam etc. It can deliver a given amount of medicaments TYPES Continuous spray valve Metering valve

12. ACTUATORS Actuators are buttons , specially designed buttons which helps in delivering he drug in desired form i.e., spray , wet stream, foam or solid stream. Actuators are the components that provide mechanical force necessary to operate valves, controlling their opening and closing. TYPES Spray Actuators Foam Actuators Solid steam Actuators Special steam Actuators

13. MANUFACTURE OF PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS. PRESSURE FILLING APPARATUS. It consist of a pressure burette capable of metering small volumes of a liquefied gas into the aerosol containers under pressure. Propellant is added through an inlet valve located at the bottom or top of the pressure burette. The propellant is allowed to flow with its own vapor pressure in the container through aerosol valve The trapped air escaped out from the upper valve The propellant stops flowing when the pressure of burette and containers become equal Advantages Solution, emulsion and suspensions can be prepared by this methods Contaminations due to moisture is less. Disadvantages Process is slower than cold filling method.

14. B. COLD FILLING APPARATURS. It consist of an insulated box fitted with copper tubing's and the tubing's are coiled to increase the area exposed to cooling's. The insulated box should be filled with dry ice or Acetone prior to use. The apparatus can b operated with or without metered valves Hydrocarbon propellant cannot be filled into aerosol containers using this apparatus because large amount of propellant escape out and vaporizes This may led to formulation of an explosive mixtures. Fluorocarbon vapor do not form any explosive or flammable mixture through their vapors are heaver than air.

15. C. COMPRESSED GAS FILLING APPARATUS Compressed gases have high pressure hence a pressure reducing valve is required. The apparatus consist of delivery gauge. A flexible hose pipe which can withstand 150 pounds per square inch gauge pressure is attached to the delivery gauge along with the filling head. A flow indicator is also present in specialized equipments.

16. QUALITY CONTROL TEST Containers:- Containers are examined for flaws. Such as scratches, cracks, dents, irregular shapes. Weight checking:- Empty aerosols containers and weight aerosol containers. Leak testing :- Detect the defective containers due to leakage. It is done by measuring the crimp’s dimension and comparing. Final testing of valve is done by passing the filled containers with water. Spray testing:- 100% spray tested. To check the spray pattern and defect in valves. 5. Content uniformity testing:- the amount of content expelling per puff should be same and uniform in nature.

17. EVALUATION TEST. Flash point :- Apparatus used :- Tag open cup apparatus. It helps assess the flammability and safety characteristics of aerosol products by measuring the temperature at which they can potentially ignite. Product is chilled to -25 F and test liquid temperature is allowed to increase slowly and the temperature at which vapor ignite is called Flash point. Flame Projection :- Product is sprayed for 4second into a flame and the flame is extended, exact length is measured with a ruler. Vapor Pressure :- Pressure gauge. Density :- Hydrometer. Moisture :- Gas Chromatography. Identification of propellants :- IR spectroscopy or Gas chromatography.

18. Net content:- weight a full container and then dispensing the container. The content are Reweight the difference in weight gives the amount of content present in the container. Biological testing Therapeutic activity :- Therapeutic activity of topical aerosol products are determined by applying therapeutically active ingredients topically to the test area Toxicity studies:- The topical administered aerosols are checked for chilling effect or any skin irritation. With the help of thermometer attached to the thermister probe any change in the temperature is measured and Record after applying the aerosols for a given period of time.

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