Pump-Vane__Axial_pumps2016-08-12-05-44-43.pdf

For Cipet student

1. Vane Pump

2. Classification
Fixeddisplacement,unbalancedpump
Fixeddisplacement,balancedpump
Variabledisplacement,unbalanced
pump
VariableDisplacement,pressure
compensatedbalancedvanepump

3. Construction
Driven rotor with slots
Sliding vanes in slots
Stationary Circulating ring
Port-plates with kidney shaped inlet
and delivery port
housing

5. Operation
•Therotoraxisispositionedeccentric
tothecircularringinsidewhichit
rotates.
•Sincethevanesarefreetoslidein
theirslots,theymoveoutwarddueto
centrifugalforceandasthevanes
makecontactwiththeinnerringwall,a
positivesealtakesplacebetweenthe
vanetipandthecamring.
•Thusanumberchamberareformed
betweenthevanetipandthecamring.
Thechamberchangestheirvolume
continuouslybecausethevanesfollow
theinnercontourofthering.
Aportplatewhichfitsoverthering,rotorandvanesisused
toseparatetheincomingoilfromtheoutgoingoil.The
dischargeandsuctionsideofthepumparesealedfrom
eachotheratanytimebyatleastonevane.

6. Unbalanced Vane Pumps
Side load on shaft:-
A pump during its
operation experience
two different pressures,
the working pressure at
the pump outlet and the
pressure at the pump
inlet which is less than
the atmospheric
pressure.
The disadvantage of the unbalanced vane pump is the radial load caused
by high pressure that is acting on the discharge side of the rotor and none
on the inlet side because the inlet oil is under little or no pressure
Thiscreatesanundesirablesideloadingoftherotorshaftcausing
damagetotheintricatepartsofthepumps.

7. Balanced Vane Pumps
Inabalancedesignvane
pumpacircularrotorwith
vaneslotsisconcentrically
positionedwiththeaxisof
anellipticalcamringas
showninfig.
Thiscreatestwoinletand
twooutletchamberssuch
thatthetwo pressure
quadrantsopposeeachother
andthetwoinletchambers
aredirectlyoppositetoone
another.
Thereforetheforcesacting
ontheshaftarefully
balancedandsideloadingof
theshaftiseliminated
completely.

8. Fixed Displacement Balanced Vane Pump
Therotorhasapermanentoffset
oreccentricitysothatasitturns,
thespacebetweenthevanesgets
largerandthensmaller.Whenthe
spaceisgettinglarger,oilisdrawn
in.Whenthespacegetssmaller,oil
ispushedout.
Thetypeofpumpsareconstant
volumeorfixeddisplacement
pumpsandcanworkupto175bar
pressure.Theyarerelativelyquiet
andofsimpleconstructionthe
vanesmovetoandfroistheslots
dependingonthecamringcontour
theycomeincontactwhile
traversingitradialy.

9. Vane PumpsVane Pumps
Construction with a round
cam ring
Low cost
Limited pressure capability
Unbalanced hydraulic
loading (side-loading)
Popular with fixed
displacement pumps
Prevents side-loading
Limited pressure range
Relatively more expensive

10. Variable Displacement Vane Pump
Direct controlled (left) vane pump
Pressure compensated (right) vane pump

11. Variable Displacement Vane Pump
Veryoftenin hydraulic
systemtheflowrateofthe
pumpneedstobevariable.
Thiscanbeeasilyachievedby
varyingtherpmoftheeclectic
motor.
Butithasbeenseenthatthis
iseconomicallynotfeasibleand
henceisnotpracticable.Butit
hasotherwayistovarythe
pumpdisplacementandthis
canbeeasilyeffected.
Thedisplacementofavaneinsidethepumpandthereforeits
deliveryisproportionaltotheeccentricitybetweentherotoraxis
andthecamring.Changingthegeometricpositionofthering
relativetotherotorcentrewillchangethedeliveryvolumeasper
systemneed.

13. Vane Loading
Withoutapositivesealing,properfunctionofthe
vanepumpisquitedifficult.
Generallythevanesaredisplacedfromtheslotsby
centrifugalforcesassoonastherotorstarts
rotatingandachieveapositivesealing.
Thatiswhydesignersprescribethattheminimum
operatingspeedofvanepumpsshouldnotbebelow
600rpm.
Thishydraulicloadingofthedevelopsatightseal,but
withtoogreataforcethevaneandcamringwould
wearexcessivelyandthevaneswouldbeasourceof
dragandthepumpwillmalfunctionduetomechanical
failureofpumppare

14. Piston Pumps
Thereareawidevarietyofpistonpumps,
beginningwiththemostsimpleandincluding
someofthemorecomplexpumpsusedin
hydrauliccircuits.
Therearethreegeneraltypesofpistonpump:
oPlungerpumps
oAxialpiston
oRadialpiston
Plunger-typepumpsareseldomfoundon
hydrauliccircuits,butthelattertwoareused
onsystemsthatdemandhighflowandhigh-
pressureperformance.

15. Piston Pumps
Pistonpumpsoffermorepressurecapabilities
comparedwiththevaneandgearpumps.
Pistonpumpsallhavecloserinternaltolerances.
Becauseoftheseclosetolerances,pistonpumps
operateathigherefficienciesthanarepossible
withthevaneandgearpumps.
Whenthepistonmovesoutofthecylinder,
thefluidispulledinthroughtheinletport.
Whenthepistonmovesbackintothecylinder,
thefluidispushedoutthroughtheoutletport.

16. Plunger Pumps
Abicyclepumpisanexampleof
aplungerpumpasarethefuel
hand-primingpumpsusedon
manydieselfuelsystems.
Aplungerreciprocateswithina
stationarybarrel.Fluidtobe
pumpedisdrawnintothepump
chamberformedinthebarrelon
theoutwardstrokeofthe
plunger.
Thisfluidisthendischargedon
theinboardstrokeofthe
plunger.

17. 17
Piston PumpsPiston Pumps
Pistons arranged radially in a
cylinder block
High efficient
medium-high pressure range
Rotating cylinder block
(centrifugal force)
Pistons parallel to axis of the
cylinder block
High efficient
medium-high pressure range
Compacted size

18. A-Axial piston pump
these consists of a number of pistons which are caused to reciprocate
by the relative rotation of an inclined plate or by angling the piston
block.
1-Bent axis design
1-Bent axis piston Pumps have a rotating cylinder containing parallel
pistons arranged radially around the cylinder centre line.
2-The pressure in the fluid causes the pistons to reciprocate over a stroke
based on the relative angle of the shaft and cylinder.
3-The motion of the pistons results in the rotation of the shaft.

19. 4-The cylinder is driven by an shaft which is arranged at an angle to the
cylinder axis.
5-The shaft includes a flange with a mechanical connection to each piston.
6-The greater the angle of the cylinders to the shaft axes the longer the
pistons stroke and the less the rotation speed per unit fluid flow rate.

21. Bent Axis Piston Pump

24. uTypical displacements to 500 cm
3
/hr
uTypical pressures to 350 bar
uNo through shaft option (multiple
assemblies not possible)
uHigh overall efficiency
uCompact package.
uTypical displacements to 500 cm
3
/hr
uTypical pressures to 350 bar
uNo through shaft option (multiple
assemblies not possible)
uHigh overall efficiency
uCompact package.
BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP

25. 2-Swash plate Pump
1-Swash plate pumps have a rotating cylinder containing pistons.
2-A spring pushes the pistons against a stationary swash plate,
which sits at an angle to the cylinder.
3-The pistons suck in fluid during half a revolution and push fluid
out during the other half.
4-It contains two semi-circular ports.
5-These ports allow the pistons to draw in fluid as they move
toward the swash plate (on the backside and not shown here)
and discharge it as they move away.

26. 6-For a given speed swash plate
pumps can be of fixed
displacement like this one, or
variable by having a variable
swash plate angle.

27. QQ
Swash plate Piston PumpSwash plate Piston Pump

29. uTypical displacements to 500 cm
3
/r
uTypical pressures to 350 bar
uMultiple assemblies possible
uHigh overall efficiency
uCompact package.
uTypical displacements to 500 cm
3
/r
uTypical pressures to 350 bar
uMultiple assemblies possible
uHigh overall efficiency
uCompact package.
FIXED AXIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICSFIXED AXIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

30. QQ
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -MAX FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -MAX FLOW

31. QQ
STROKESTROKE
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -MAX FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -MAX FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

32. STROKESTROKE
QQ
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -REDUCED FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -REDUCED FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

33. STROKESTROKE
QQ
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -REDUCED FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -REDUCED FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

34. QQ
STROKESTROKE
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -ZERO FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -ZERO FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

35. STROKESTROKE
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -ZERO FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -ZERO FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

36. QQ
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -REVERSED FLOWVARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP -REVERSED FLOW

37. Variable Displacement Piston Pump

38. uDisplacements to 750+ cm
3
/r
uPressure capabilities to 350/400 bar
uHigh noise level
uSensitive to poor inlet conditions &
contamination
uHigh overall efficiency
uGood life expectancy
uLarge, bulky units
uGood fluid compatibility
uHigh cost.
uDisplacements to 750+ cm
3
/r
uPressure capabilities to 350/400 bar
uHigh noise level
uSensitive to poor inlet conditions &
contamination
uHigh overall efficiency
uGood life expectancy
uLarge, bulky units
uGood fluid compatibility
uHigh cost.
Variable AXIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICSVariable AXIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

39. Wobble Plate Pumps
Thispumpincludesastationary
pistonblockcontaininganumber
parallelpistonsarrangedradially
aroundtheblockcentre(atleast
five).
Theendofeachpistonisforced
againstarotatingwobbleplateby
springs.
Thewobbleplateisshapedwith
varyingthicknessaroundits
centrelineandthusasitrotates
itcausesthepistonsto
reciprocateatafixedstroke.
Thepistonsdrawinfluidfromthe
cavityduringhalfarevolutionand
drivefluidoutattherearofthe
pumpduringtheotherhalf.
Thefluidflowiscontrolledusing
non-returnvalvesforeachpiston.

41. This kind of pump consists of piston mounted radically in a
housing and spring loaded which permit the piston to goes out to
be filled with oil.
Another type the pistons remains in contact with the reaction ring
due to the centrifugal force, as the piston rotate the piston comes
out to make a suction and by returning around the ring it goes
back to the cylinder to make the pressure. Certain models are
operate at 1000 bar and flow rate 1000 liter/min
B-Radial piston pump

42. The outer ring for bracing of the pumping pistons is in eccentric position
to the hollow shaft in the center. This eccentricity determines the stroke of
the pumping piston.
The piston starts in the inner dead center (IDC) with suction process. After
a rotation angle of 180°it is finished and the workspace of the piston is
filled with the to moved medium. The piston is now in the outer dead
center (ODC). From this point on the piston displaces the previously
sucked medium in the pressure channel of the pump.

45. uDisplacements to 250 cm
3
/r
uPressure capabilities to 350 bar
uSuitable for open & closed loop
uHigh overall efficiency
uGood life expectancy
uShort, wide shape
uSimple multiple pump
assemblies
uHigh cost.
uDisplacements to 250 cm
3
/r
uPressure capabilities to 350 bar
uSuitable for open & closed loop
uHigh overall efficiency
uGood life expectancy
uShort, wide shape
uSimple multiple pump
assemblies
uHigh cost.
RADIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICSRADIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

46. Type of
Pump
Pressure
Rating (bar)
Speed Rating
(rpm)
Overall
Efficiency
(%)
HP per
Ib Ratio
Flow in
Ipm
External gear
pump
130-200 1200-2500 80-90 2 5-550
Internal gear
pump
35-135 1200-2500 70-85 2 5-750
Vane pump 70-135 1200-1800 80-95 2 5-300
Axial piston
pump
135-800 1200-1800 90-98 4 5-750
Radial piston
pump
200-800 1200-3000 85-95 3 5-750
Different Types of Pumps

47. 1-Presence of foreign particles
2-Foams and bubbles
3-Overheating of oil
4-Wrong selection of oil.
Factors Affecting Pump Performance

48. 1-Flow rate requirement
2-Operating speed
3-Pressure rating
4-Performance
5-Reliability
6-Maintenance
7-Cost and Noise
8-Fluid Type
Major aspects in the selection of pumps

50. Swash Plate Piston PumpSwash Plate Piston Pump

51. Bent Axis Piston PumpBent Axis Piston Pump