PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION LESSON.pptx

Most commonly used punctuation marks and rules in proper capitalization

1. USING APPROPRIATE PUNCTUATION MARKS AND CAPILTALIZATION

2. Lesson Objectives At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:   1. Identify the commonly used punctuation marks in English grammar 2. Identify the rules in capitalization 3. Use correct punctuation marks and capitalization in a text

3. I love playing with my dog barney He is a mini shitzu , and is the best dog in the world. His favorite thing to do is to go on walks when he smells everything? once, he saw a skunk he Chased it but instead of running away the skunk sprayed him! That was funny? After his walks, Barney loves to go home where he gets a reward for behaving well, He earns a treat every time because he is such a Good dog.

4. PUNCTUATION MARKS Punctuation is the use of spacing, conventional signs, and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of written text, whether read silently or aloud.

5. PUNCTUATION Every sentence should include at least a capital letter at the start, and a full stop, exclamation mark or question mark at the end. This basic system indicates that the sentence is complete.

6. What are the 14 commonly used punctuation marks in English grammar? Q U E S T I O N

7. Period/full stop ( . ) Comma ( , ) Question Mark ( ? ) Exclamation Point ( ! ) Semicolon ( ; ) Colon ( : ) Dash ( - ) Hyphen ( - ) Parentheses ( ) Brackets [ ] Braces { } Quotation Marks ( “ ” ) Apostrophe ( ‘ ) Ellipsis ( … )

8. SENTENCE ENDINGS Three ( 3 ) of the 15 punctuation marks are appropriate for use as sentence endings. They are the period , question mark , and exclamation point .

9. PERIOD (.) This is the most popular punctuation mark because you simply cannot write even a sentence without using it. So, there are two most common uses of a full stop: to indicate the end of a sentence , or to follow an abbreviation .

10. PERIOD ( . ) As a sentence ender: The students of PCLU are very participative . The teachers are currently having their meeting . Online learning is very difficult for both teachers and students .

11. PERIOD (.) After an abbreviation: The students of SLNHS asked Dr. Regacho . His son, Mr. Abad Jr., was born on Sept. 6, 2020.

12. QUESTION MARK ( ? ) A question mark, as its name suggests, needs to go at the end of every interrogative sentence instead of a full stop. It indicates a direct question when placed at the end of a sentence.

13. QUESTION MARK ( ? ) EXAMPLE: Why are you crying ? What makes you happy ? Who is the apple of your eye ? When did James leave for the market ?

14. EXCLAMATION POINT ( ! ) An exclamation mark added at the end of the sentence shows emphasis . Depending on the meaning of the sentence, it can indicate an anger, happiness, excitement, or any other strong emotion.

15. EXCLAMATION POINT ( ! ) EXAMPLE: My mother’s rants makes me furious! Why don’t you listen to my words! How beautiful the city is! Hey, no smoking in here!

16. COMMA, SEMICOLON, COLON The comma, semicolon, and colon are often misused because they all can indicate a pause in a series or sentence.

17. COMMA ( , ) A comma is often used to separate different ideas or elements in a sentence. It is also used in numbers, dates, and letter writing after the salutation and closing.

18. COMMA ( , ) Direct address: Thank you very much, John. Thanks for all you help, friend.

19. COMMA ( , ) Separation of two complete sentences: We went to the movie house, and then we went out to lunch. There are always ways, but some ways are not effective.

20. COMMA ( , ) Separating lists of elements within sentences: My mother really loves black, peach, and white dresses. My classmate used to play basketball, badminton, and tennis during summer.

21. SEMICOLON ( ; ) A semicolon is a punctuation mark that creates a longer pause than a comma but a shorter pause than a full stop. So, it can be used to create a pause between two independent clauses that are closely related to each other.

22. SEMICOLON ( ; ) EXAMPLE: After a long day, I will take a bubble bath ; bubble baths are great way to relax. I love cats ; they are good companions. Reading books is my favorite ; it improve my grammar

23. COLON ( : ) A colon is a punctuation mark you will come across very often in different circumstances. It can introduce an example , a list , an explanation , or a quotation .

24. COLON ( : ) EXAMPLE: He was planning to study four subjects : politics, philosophy, sociology, and economics. John said : “I wish you a merry Christmas. All affection and best wishes to you and your family.” He is going to buy three things : chairs, tables, and utensils.

25. DASH ( -/— ) There are two different dashes, the en dash and the em dash, the first being slightly shorter than the second one. En dash: twice as long as a hyphen, the en dash is a symbol (-) that is used in writing or printing to indicate a range, connections or differentiations such as 1880-1945, January-March

26. DASH ( -/— ) There are two different dashes, the en dash and the em dash, the first being slightly shorter than the second one. Em dash: longer than an en dash, the em dash can be used in place of a comma, parenthesis. Example: She give him her answer — No! She is afraid of two things — spiders and dolls.

27. HYPHEN ( - ) Even though it looks very similar to a dash, a hyphen has very different uses. It is most commonly use to create compound words.

28. HYPHEN ( - ) EXAMPLES: High-tech Life-size Close-up Ex-convict High-speed Mind-blowing Mother-in-law In-depth

29. BRACKETS, BRACES, and PARENTHESES Brackets, braces, and parenthesis are symbols used to contain words that are a further explanation or considered a group.

30. BRACKETS ( [ ] ) Are the squared off notations used for technical explanations or to clarify meaning. EXAMPLE: She [ Jane ] wasn’t so sure about the plan. I lost my phone [ 11 pro max ] yesterday during basketball training.

31. PARENTHESES ( ) Are curve notations used to contain further thoughts or qualifying remarks In most cases, you will see additional information in parenthesis. Usually, it can be omitted without creating any confusion to the reader.

32. PARENTHESES ( ) EXAMPLE: He seems to fighting some kind of bug ( a fat one with buggy red eyes ) Mary told him she reviewed the lesson ( liar ) . I went to the cinema to meet James ( my eldest brother )

33. APOSTROPHE ( ‘ ) An apostrophe has two very important uses. Firstly, it can be used in contraction in place in omitted letters. Secondly, it can show possession.

34. APOSTROPHE ( ‘ ) EXAMPLES OF CONTRACTION: are not – aren’t you are – you’re does not – doesn’t she is – she’s it is – it’s there is – there’s they have – they’ve is not – isn’t

35. APOSTROPHE ( ‘ ) Use in contraction: They aren’t coming now so let’s go home. They’ve finished eating and they’re full. Aren’t you coming with me today? It’ll be so much fun.

36. APOSTROPHE ( ‘ ) For possession: The learner’s jerseys were brand new. The computer’s keyboard was missing. I went to Stephen’s home for dinner. My brother’s birthday is this week.

37. QUOTATION MARKS ( “ ” ) As their name suggests, quotation marks indicate direct quotations. You can also use them to show that a word or a phrase is being used ironically or for titles of articles, book chapters, episodes, etc.

38. QUOTATION MARKS ( “ ” ) It is a pair of punctuation mark used primarily to mark the beginning and end of a passage they are also used to indicate a meanings and to indicate the unusual word.

39. QUOTATION MARKS ( “ ” ) EXAMPLES: John said, “ I really hate when it’s hot outside. ” Literature came from the Latin word “ litera ” which means “ letters ” . The essay “ True Colors ” is an interesting piece of John Lang.

40. ELLIPSIS ( … ) Is most commonly represented by three periods (…) the ellipsis is used in writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially letters or words. Ellipses are frequently used with quotations to jump from one phrase to another, omitting unnecessary words.

41. ELLIPSIS ( … ) EXAMPLE: What a beautiful garden it was with lots of flowers, trees, bushes etc. such a wonderful place. What a beautiful garden it was … such a wonderful place.

42. ELLIPSIS ( … ) EXAMPLE: He carefully opened the container and discovered … loads of coins! “Do you think you’re ready? I just don’t know if I …” Tom said.

43. CAPITALIZATION

44. CAPITALIZATION CAPITALIZATION is writing a word with its first letter as capital letter or upper case.

45. RULE #1 Capitalize the first word of a sentence. Example: Grade 9 students are very participative. You should always exert efforts on your studies. Always love and obey your parents.

46. RULE #2 Capitalize the names of people. Example: Mark, Justine, Mary, Sam Mark and Justine will go to the beach on summer vacation. I will submit my assignment to teacher Mary. My cousin, Sam, will celebrate her birthday tomorrow.

47. RULE #3 Capitalize proper nouns. Proper noun names a specific person, place or thing. Proper nouns always begin with capital letters. Common nouns are words for types of things, people and places or description of proper nouns.

48. RULE #3 COMMON NOUN PROPER NOUN novelist William Shakespeare, Robert Frost continent Asia, North America, Africa, Antarctica city San Fernando City, Quezon City, Dagupan City planet Mercury, Venus , Earth , Mars park Luneta Park, Burnham Park, Lion’s Park president Rodrigo Duterte , Ferdinand Marcos month January, February, March, April, May

49. RULE #4 Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. Example: My girlfriend said, “You betrayed mg trust!” Mr. President said, “This pandemic will end soon.” Our teacher said, “You must pass this subject!”

50. RULE #5 DON’T capitalize after a colon Example: I have one true passion: reading books. He was planning to study four subjects: politics, philosophy, sociology, and economics.

51. RULE #5 EXCEPTIONS! When the word following the colon is a proper noun. EXAMPLE: There is only one place I want to visit: Australia. One of the subjects I love the most: Mathematics.

52. RULE #6 Capitalize days, months, and holidays, but not season. Example: I love Mondays! Jif’s birthday is in March. Oh no! I forgot about Valentine’s Day.

53. RULE # 7 Capitalize a person's title when it precedes the name. Do not capitalize when the title is acting as a description following the name. Chairperson Petrov Ms. Petrov, the chairperson of the company, will address us at noon.

54. RULE #8 Capitalize the person's title when it follows the name on the address or signature line. Sincerely, Ms. Haines, Chairperson Yours truly, Dr. Rolando P. Castro, Dean

55. RULE #9 Capitalize the titles of high-ranking government officials when used before their names. Do not capitalize the civil title if it is used instead of the name. The president will address Congress. President Noynoy Aquino delivered his SONA last week.

56. END  Thank you for listening!