PURPOSIVE-COMMUNICATION-GEC-001-copy (1).pdf

This presentation is about purposive communication

1. PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION -GEC 001
MAY NECTAR CYRILL LOJA-TABARES, PhD
Subject Professor

2. Objectives
Demonstrate mastery in elucidating the
nature, elements, and functions of verbal
and non-verbal communication in various
and multicultural contexts.
Manifest expertise in explicating how cultural
and global issues after communication.
Respond through written or oral
communication to the challenges of diverse
and multicultural communication.

3. Understanding 21
st
Century Communication

4. COMMUNICATION PROCESSES,
PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS

5. Abstraction
Definition of Communication
The word communication comes from the Latin
word communis, meaning commonness. It is a
process wherein knowledge, ideas, information,
attitudes, feelings and the like are transmitted.
Communication is a two-way process by which
information is exchanged between or among
individuals through a common system of
symbols, signs and behavior ( Martinez 1).

6. Derived from the Latin words con which means “with”,
munuswhich means “a business”, communiswhich
means “common” and communicowhich means “to
confer”.-It is therefore defined as the process of
accomplishing a goal
According to Sanchez (2017), effective communication
is the most critical component of total quality
management. –
It is described as the transfer of information, thoughts or
ideas to create a shared understanding between a
sender and a receiver. –
It is a dynamic, two-way process.

7. Communication is understood as the
process of meaning-making through a
channel or a medium.
It comes from the Latin communicares,
meaning to share or to make ideas
common.
The connection that encompasses
interaction among partakers is at the
center of your learning communication.

8. Functions of Communication
Physical needs-essential for well-being and physical
health.
Ego needs -chance of affirmation or self-
concept and sharing of views about
a variety of things, among others.
Social needs-inclusion, desire for control, affection
Practical needs-physical, safety, social, self-esteem,
self-actualization

9. Why communication is essential?
Being a two-way process, communication occurs in an
orderly and systematic sequence wherein human beings
are able to see and hear what transpires in their
environment.
As a process, communication is dynamic, adaptive and
continuous. Being a survival mechanism, communication
helps us develop to be unique persons, relating and
cooperation with others.
It satisfies our physical ego, social and practical needs. It
is indeed essential in life.

10. When do we communicate?
Informal settings: chats, conversations,
etc.
Formal settings: interviews, debates,
public speaking, group discussions
and parliamentary procedures.

11. Basic Elements of the Communication Process
Here are the key elementsinvolved in the
communication process:
Element Description
Sender Originator of the message
Message
The content (verbal or non-verbal)
conveyed
Encoding Converting thoughts into symbols/language
Channel
Medium used to transmit the message (e.g.,
voice, text, video)
Receiver
Person who decodes/interprets the
message
Decoding Interpreting the message
Feedback Response from the receiver
Noise Any interference that distorts the message
Context
The physical, psychological, cultural setting
of communication

12. ELEMENTS OF THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
1.Sender -a person, group or organization who initiates
communication. Also called as encoder, source, speaker, writer or
communicator. The sender is responsible for the success of the
communication. The sender’s experiences, attitudes, knowledge,
skills, perceptions, and culture influence the message.
2.Message -is the element transmitted in the communication process.
The message should be coded by the sender in a way that it will be
easily understood by the receiver.
3.Channel -pathway or medium through which the message travels to
reach its destination. It may be oral, written or visual. Each kind of
channel has a specific use depending on the message. Examples:
Face-to-face, through writing letters, social media, mobile phone
call, etc

13. 4. Noise -a form of distortion, barrier or obstacle that occurs in any of
the phases of the oral communication process. It may be visual, aural,
physical or psychological in forms. Examples: inappropriate channel,
incorrect grammar, inflammatory words, jargon,. Interference is also
known as barrier or block that prevents effective communication to
take place.
5. Receiver -the person who receives, understands, analyzes and
interprets the message. Also called as decoder, reader or listener. The
receiver’s experiences, attitudes, knowledge, skills, perceptions, and
culture influence the interpretation of the message. Successful
communication takes place when the receiver correctly interprets the
sender’s message. In giving the receiver’s response, the receiver then
becomes the sender.
6. Feedback -the receiver’s response that provides information to the
sender. It shows whether the receiver understood the message or not.
According to Boveeand Thill(1992), even the lack of response, is in a
sense, a form of response.It is a very important element of the process
because it makes the communication dynamic, two-way interactive
event.

14. 7. Environment-the place, the feeling, the mood, the
mindset and the condition of both sender and receiver are
called the environment. The environment may involve the
physical set-up of a location where communication takes
place, the spacoccupied by both the sender and the
receiver, including the objects surrounding the sender and
receiver.
8. Context-involves the expectations of the sender and
the receiver and the common or shared understanding
through the environmental signals.
9. Adjustment -it is done if the message is not clearly
understood by the receiver.

15. Kinds of Interference
Psychological
Barriers
Physical Barriers
Linguistic and
Cultural Barriers
Mechanical Barriers

16. Psychological Barriers-are thoughts that
hamper the message to be interpreted
correctly by the receiver.
Physical Barriers-include competing
stimulus, weather and climate, health
and ignorance of the medium.
Linguistic and Cultural Barriers-pertain to
the language and its cultural
environment. Words may mean another
in different cultures.
Medical Barriers-are those raised by the
channels employed for inter-personal,
group or mass communication. These
include cellphones, laptops and other
gadgets used in communication.

17. The Importance of Feedback and Context
✅Feedbackallows the sender to know if the
message was understood as intended.
✅Contextincludes the setting, relationship,
time, and culturethat influence how a message
is sent or received.
“Effective communication depends not just on
what is said, but where, how, and to whom it is
said.”

18. Difference between verbal and
nonverbal communication
Verbal communication is the transmission of
ideas, opinions, feelings, emotions or attitudes
through the use of oral language.
Nonverbal communication, on the other hand,
refers to the sending of messages to another
person utilizing methods or means other than
spoken language.

19. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Uses words or symbols.
It is done through speaking or writing.
Spoken communication can be done through face -to-
face interaction, through mobiles or computers, public
speaking, etc.
Written communication can be written, digitized or
printed.
Verbal communication is focused on how messages are
portrayed.

20. FACTORS THAT AFFECT VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
1.Tone of voice
2.Use of descriptive words
3.Emphasis on certain phrases
4.Volume of voice

21. * According to Mehrabian(2017), 55% of information
gathered when people are speaking to each other in person
is determined through body language, 38% of the information
relayed in a conversation through tone of voice, and only 7%
of the words that are spoken are used to understand what is
being said.*In verbal communication, meanings are also
taken from non-verbal forms and are better known as non-
verbal cues.
*Non-verbal cues -make the message clearer and give the
listener an indication in what way the information should be
received.
*These are similar to non-verbal type of communication; but
these are used to accompany verbal communication.

22. EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL CUES
1.Intonation
2.Facial expressions
3.Pause
4.Hand gestures
5.Use of visuals
6.Body movement
7.Eye contact

23. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Refers to sending of message using methods other than
spoken language. It may be intentional or unintentional.
According to Tidwell (2016) there are two kinds of non-
verbal communication:
1.Non-verbal messages produced by the body
2.Non-verbal messages produced bycthebroad setting
such as time, space and silence

24. EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
8. Volume
9. Pause (silence)
10. Intonation
11. Dress
12. Posture
13. Smell
14. Context
15. Formality
1.Touch
2.Glance
3.Eye contact
4.Vocal
nuance
5.Proximity
6.Facial
expressions
7.Gestures

25. *In high-context cultures, the manner of saying the
word is more important than the word itself.
High-context cultures -those who communicate in
ways that are implicit and rely heavily on context.
These are the collectivistic in nature.
Low-context cultures-those who communicate in
ways that are explicit. These are the individualistic in
nature.

26. USES OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
1.Used to repeat the verbal message.
2.Often used to accent a verbal message.
3.Often complements the verbal message but
may also contradict.
4.Regulate interactions.
5.May substitute for the verbal message,
especially if it is blocked by noise or interruption.

27. ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION
1.Communicationisintegratedinallpartsofourlives.
Wecommunicateeveryminuteandeverysecondofour
lives.Andaswegothroughlifeeveryday,weuse
communicationinallplaceswegoto,indifferentpartsofour
lives.A)Academics-Accordingtoresearches,studentswhoare
goodinwritingandspeakingperformbetternotonlyinthe
Englishclass,butalsoinotherlearningareas.B)Professional-
Employeeswhoarebetterincommunicatinghavethehigher
chanceofgettinghired.C)Personal-Havingavocabularyto
namethecommunicationphenomenainourlivesincreasesour
abilitytoalterconsciouslyourcommunicationinorderto
achieveourgoalsandavoidmiscommunication.D)Civic-Civic
engagement referstoworkingtomakeadifferenceinour
communitiesbyimprovingthequalityoflifeofcommunity
members.

28. 2.Communication meets needs.
Communication is more than the transmission of
information. We also communicate in order to survive our
day-to-day activities. A. Physical Needs -keep our brain
and body functioning; B.InstrumentalNeeds -instructing
people, giving directions; C. Relational Needs -initiate,
maintain or end a relationship; D. Identity Needs -people
present their image through the way they communicate
3.Communication is guided by culture and context.
Culture-as defined by O’Neil (2006), it is the full range of
learned human behavior patterns. It includes knowledge,
belief, art, law, morals, customs, etc. Context-the
circumstances that form the setting for an event. Culture
and context influence how we deliver and how we
understand messages.

29. 4.Communication is learned. The need to
communicate and the ability to learn a language
is innate. However, our manner of communication
varies from person to person. This is because
communication is learned rather than innate. The
Case of the Feral Children -children who were
raised by animals; children who grew up isolated
from human contact
5.Communication has ethical implications.
Communication ethics deals with reflecting and
negotiating our actions based on what we
believe to be right or wrong.

30. Nine Principles of Effective
Communication
1.Clarity-
2.Concreteness
3.Courtesy
4.Correctness
5.Consideration
6.Creativity
7.Conciseness
8.Cultural sensitivity
9.Captivating

31. Clarity-makesspeechesunderstandable.Fuzzylanguageis
absolutelyforbidden,asthejargons,clichéexpressions,
euphemismsanddoublespeaklanguage.
Concreteness-reducesmisunderstandings.Messagesmustbe
supportedbyfactssuchasresearchdata,statisticsorfigures.To
achieveconcreteness,abstractwordsmustbeavoided.
Courtesy-buildsgoodwill.Itinvolvesbeingpoliteintermsof
approachandmannerofaddressinganindividual.
Correctness-glaringmistakesingrammarobscuresthemeaning
ofasentence.Also,themisuseoflanguagecandamageyour
credibility.
Consideration-messagesmustbegearedtowardstheaudience.
Thesenderofamessagemustconsidertherecipient’sprofession,
levelofeducation,race,ethnicity,hobbies,interests,passions,
advocaciesandagewhendraftingordeliveringamessage.

32. Creativity-incommunicationmeanshavingtheabilityto
craftinterestingmessagesintermsofsentencestructure
andwordchoice.
Conciseness-simplicityanddirectnesshelpyoutobe
concise.Avoidusinglengthyexpressionsandwordsthat
mayconfusetherecipient.
Culturalsensitivity-today,withtheincreasingemphasison
empoweringdiversecultures,lifestyles,andracesandthe
pursuitforgenderequality,culturalsensitivitybecomesan
importantstandardforeffectivecommunication.
Captivating-youmuststrivetomakemessagesinteresting
tocommandmoreattentionandbetterresponses.

33. Communicationis the process of exchanging
messages, ideas, thoughts, and feelings through
verbal or non-verbal means between individuals
or groups to create understanding.
“Communication is the process of creating
shared meaning through symbolic interaction.”
—Gamble & Gamble (2023)
Recent studies affirm that communication is not
just about message transmission but about co-
construction of meaningin social contexts.

34. ISSUES IN COMMUNICATION
1.Content-referstotheinformationandexperiencesthatare
providedtothereceiverofthecommunicationprocess.*The
messagemustbepresentedinalanguagethatmakesa
grammaticalsense.*Wordshavedifferentmeaningsandmay
beusedorinterpreteddifferently.
*Therefore,contentshouldbetailoredoreditedforthe
publictoensureeffectivecommunication.
1.Process-referstothewaythemessageispresentedor
delivered.
*Thenon-verbalformsthatweuseoftencausemessagesto
bemisunderstoodaswetendtobelievewhatweseemore
thanwhat we hear.
*Therefore,weshouldbemindfulofthenon-verbalcues
thataccompanyourverbalcommunication.

35. 3. Context -refers to the situation or environment in which your
message is delivered.* If the sender is unaware of a specific
context, the sender might say improper words or messages.* If
the receiver is unaware of the context, the message might be
interpreted incorrectly.
*Therefore, it is important to assert and understand the context
before saying something. “Context Clues”
Example:
1.If the weather is cold, I can watch movies all day.
Context: what the speaker can do if the weather is cold.
WATCH (VERB)
2.The Rolex watch of my uncle is expensive.
Context: the expensive watch of the speaker’s uncle
WATCH (NOUN)

36. Ethical considerations in
Communication
1.Respect audience.
2.Consider the result
of communication.
3.Value truth.
4.Use information
correctly.
5.Do not falsify
information.

37. COMMUNICATION ETHICS
It deals with the behavior of an individual or a group which is governed by their morals
and in turn affects communication. The National Communication Association (NCA)
formulated the Credo for Ethical Communication in November 1999.It reminds us that
ethical communication is relevant across contexts and applies to every channel of
communication.
1.Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty and reason as essential
to the integrity of communication.
2.Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and
tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible
decision making fundamental to a civil society.
3.Strive to understand and respect other communicators before
evaluating and responding to their messages.
4.Promote access to communication resources and opportunities as
necessary to fulfill human potential and contribute to the well-being
of families, communities, and society.

38. 5. Promote communication climates of caring and mutual
understanding that respect the unique needs and
characteristics of individual communicators.
6. Condemn communication that degrades individuals and
humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and
violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred.
7. Commit to the courageous expression of personal convictions
in pursuit of fairness and justice.
8. Advocate sharing information, opinions and feelings when
facing significant choices while also respecting privacy and
confidentiality.
9. Accept responsibility for the short-and long-term
consequences for our own communication and expect the
same of others. Ethics Resource Center (Free Word Press, 2017)

39. COMMUNICATION ETHICS IN THE ACADEMIC
CONTEXT
1.Avoid plagiarism. The Instrument of Judicial Governance
defines plagiarism as “the intentional representation of
another person’s words, thoughts or ideas as one’s own.”
2.Data gathered from participants for a research or study
should be kept confidential at all times, unless given the
permission of the participant.
3.Students should always show respect to authorities in school.
4.Transactions or communication plans should follow a protocol
for their acceptance or approval.
5.Never tell a lie or misrepresent facts to your teachers,
classmates or any people.

40. Conclusion / Summary Points
Communication involves multiple components
that must work together.
Misunderstandingoften happens when
feedback is lackingor context is ignored.
Recognizing these elements improves one’s
ability to communicate effectively in both
personal and professional settings.

41. References:
Gamble, T. K., & Gamble, M. (2023). Communication Works(13th ed.). McGraw-
Hill Education.
McCornack, S., & Ortiz, J. (2023). Reflect & Relate: An Introduction to
Interpersonal Communication(6th ed.). Bedford/St. Martin’s.
Adler, R. B., Rodman, G., & du Pré, A. (2022). Understanding Human
Communication(15th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Tubbs, S. L., & Moss, S. (2022). Human Communication: Principles and Contexts
(14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Padilla, M., Bicomong, L., Dato-on, Hilaria, Rosario,M.A., Sabornido, L. (2003).
Speech for Effective Communication. TrinitasPublishinh, Inc.
Francisco, I. (2006). English for Occupational Purposes ( First Edition). Rex Printing
Company, Inc.
https://www.communicationtheory.org/the-7cs-of-effective-communication-
explained-with-examples/