Q1-LESSON1-THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE.pptx

Quarter 1 of Earth and Life Science: Origin of the Universe

1. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE QUARTER 1 LESSON 1 BY: Debbie Kate Q. Dauz 1

2. MELC The learners.. 1.State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe. S11/12ES-Ia-e-1 2

3. Questions ? Where did we come from? How did the universe and the word originate? 7/31/2024 3

4. What comes into your mind once you heard the word “UNIVERSE”?  7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 4

5. i.Define the following: Universe Milky Way Galaxy Solar System Supernova Nebula Astronomy Cosmology 5

6. UNIVERSE The universe is everything. It includes all of space, and all the matter and energy that space contains. It even includes time itself and, of course, it includes you. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 6

7. It came from old French which comes from the Latin word Universum . Universum can be interpreted as “everything rotated as one “everything  rotated by one ” It was illustrated by an early Greek model of the universe.  In this model, all matter was in spherical rotation of the outermost sphere was accommodate for motion and change of everything within.   7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 7

8. GALAXY A  galaxy  is a huge collection of gas, dust, and  billions  of stars and their solar systems. A galaxy is held together by gravity. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, also has a  supermassive black hole  in the middle. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 8

9. DID YOU KNOW? There are many galaxies besides ours, though. There are so many, we can’t even count them all yet! The  Hubble Space Telescope  looked at a small patch of space for 12 days and found 10,000 galaxies, of all sizes, shapes, and colors. Some scientists think there could be as many as  one hundred billion  galaxies in the universe 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 9

10. SOLAR SYSTEM There are many planetary systems like ours in the universe, with planets orbiting a host star. Our planetary system is called “the solar system” because we use the word “solar” to describe things related to our star, after the Latin word for Sun , " solis ." Our planetary system is located in an outer spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 10 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA .

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12. SUPERNOVA A  supernova  is the biggest explosion that humans have ever seen. Each blast is the extremely bright, super-powerful explosion of a star. Massive stars burn huge amounts of nuclear fuel at their  cores , or centers. This produces  tons of energy , so the center gets very hot. Heat generates pressure, and the pressure created by a star’s nuclear burning also keeps that star from collapsing. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 12

13. 13 The Crab Nebula is the leftover, or remnant, of a massive star in our Milky Way that died 6,500 light-years away. Astronomers and careful observers saw the supernova in the year 1054. Image credit: NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University) What holds stars together? It’s a balance of gravity pushing in on the star and heat and pressure pushing outward from the star’s core.

14. NEBULA A  nebula  is a giant cloud of dust and gas in space. Some nebulae (more than one nebula) come from the gas and dust thrown out by the explosion of a dying star, such as a supernova. Other nebulae are regions where new stars are beginning to form. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 14

15. How do stars form in a nebula? Nebulae are made of dust and gases—mostly hydrogen and helium. The dust and gases in a nebula are very spread out, but gravity can slowly begin to pull together clumps of dust and gas. As these clumps get bigger and bigger, their gravity gets stronger and stronger. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 15

16. astronomy Is the scientific study of celestial bodies. Its observes and analyzes the solar system, the stars, the galazies , and the general structure of the universe. Its name is derived from the Greek root astron for 'star' and nomos for 'arrangement' or 'law' . A branch of astronomy that focuses on the origin and nature of the universe is called cosmology . 16

17. COSMOLOGY  studies how the history of the universe led to the stars, galaxies, and other features we can observe today. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 17 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY .

18. II. THEORIES AND ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 18

19. Origin of the universe The Universe began 10-15 billion years ago, when a primordial explosion called the Big Bang occurred. The first three minute after, great quantities of Hydrogen and Helium were created, spanning apart at great speed About 3 million years later huge clouds, stretching 500 million light years across, began to condense. After about 200 million years, these condensations formed the first galaxies -  the birthplace of the stars and of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. The Universe today is the remnant of the Big Bang. The Big Bang marked the birth of the Universe, all matted and space were created instantaneously. 19

20. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 20 How did the universe originate? There are different hypothesis on the birth of the universe. Diverse culture and beliefs era led to numerous ways of understanding the universe. 

21. 1. Divine Creation Theory The Universe is brought about by the power of God. (Please read Genesis in  the Bible). The Bible is a casebook of divine love therefore the Bible are both gifts from God. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 21

22. 2. Oscillating universe theory This theory was proposed by a Russian-born US cosmologist George Gamow who helped expalin the Big Bang Theory. He said that the expansion of the universe will eventually come to a halt then it collapses up to the time that the universe will return to its original form and another Big Bang will occur. This process will happen as a cycle. 22

23. 3.Steady-State Theory This theory states that the universe has always been the same since the beginning and will remain in its present state until eternity. It further claims that a new galaxies appear as a result of the drifting apart of other galaxies. 7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 23 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA .

24. 4. Big bang Theory         According to this theory developed by various scientists and philosopher, the whole universe was at one confined to a dense, hot supermassive ball. Then about 15 billion years ago, a tremendous explosion occurred, hurling this material in all directions. Just like playing bubbles that each one theme will attend in several directions.   7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 24 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY .

25. 4. Big bang Theory The big bang marks the start of the universe all matter and space were created.  The materials thrown out as gas cooled and accumulated, forming the stars that compose the galactic systems. Big Bang was also known as the idea of expansion and therefore the most accepted theory.  7/31/2024 Sample Footer Text 25 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND .

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27. PERFORMANCE TASK LABORATORY ACTIVITY : EXPAND.. GO.. GO.. AWAY The Big Bang theory suggests that our Universe is expanding. In this activity, you will explore a model to see whether evidence exists to support this. For the theory to be supported you should find that; 1. All objects in our Universe must be moving faraway from one another.   2. Objects that are further far away from us are moving far away from  us more quickly than objects that are close to us. 27

28. Materials needed:  Balloon                                  Marker/A-G labels          Clothespin            Balloon pump Ruler/Measuring Tape 28