Q2-M1-EM SPECTRUMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm.pptx

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1. SECOND QUART E R FORCE, MOTION, AND ENERGY

2. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM MODULE 1: THE NATURE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES SECOND QUARTER

3. G NA BA?

4. OBJECTIVES: Identify the different types of EM Waves. Explain how EM waves are produced Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic waves.

5. GUESS THE LOGO Ready to play a game? Players must guess the logo within 5 seconds. Player who wants to answer must raise their hands.

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7. 1 SPOTIFY

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9. 2 NETFLIX

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11. 3 VIBER

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13. 4 CONVERGE

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15. 5 WAZE

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17. BELO MEDICAL GROUP 6

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19. 7 APPLE

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21. GLOBE 8

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25. WI-FI Wireless Fidelity 10

26. QUESTIONS What are EM waves? How are EM waves produced? What are some properties of EM waves?

27. What are EM waves? is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and wavelength. Electromagnetic Spectrum

28. What are EM waves? Electromagnetic Spectrum

29. A periodic disturbance that transfers or carries energy from place to place. WAVE

30. PARTS OF A WAVE

31. WAVELENGTH – the distance between two successive identical parts of wave. AMPLITUDE – the height of the wave from crest to trough FREQUENCY – it is number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. PARTS OF A WAVE

32. FREQUENCY – it is number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. PARTS OF A WAVE – number of vibrations per second – measured in hertz (Hz) or second raise to negative one.

33. A periodic disturbance that transfers or carries energy from place to place. 2 MAIN TYPES OF WAVES: Mechanical Wave Electromagnetic Wave WAVE

34. MEDIUM is the material through which a mechanical wave travels. It can be a gas, liquid, or solid. Mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their energy from one location to another. Electromagnetic wave is capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum

35. MECHANICAL WAVES There are two types of mechanical waves: Longitudinal waves – the movement of the particles is parallel to the motion of the energy i.e. the displacement of the medium is in the same direction in which the wave is moving. Examples – Sound Waves, Pressure Waves. Transverse waves – the movement of the particles is at right angles or perpendicular to the motion of the energy Light is an example of a transverse wave.

36. MECHANICAL WAVES

37. MECHANICAL WAVES

38. MECHANICAL & N0N-MECHANICAL WAVE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

39. EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL WAVES Sound Waves sound wave necessarily requires a medium to propagate from one location to the other. In other words, the sound is incapable of traveling through a vacuum. Ultrasonic and infrasonic sound waves are inaudible to humans, but they are also an example of mechanical waves.

40. EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL WAVES WATER Waves Due to the action of the gravitational force of the moon, the earth, and the sun, the water present in the seas or oceans receives a pull force, leading to the formation of a wave. The crests and troughs of such waves are easily visible. Hence, the ocean and sea waves are yet another example of transverse mechanical waves in real life.

41. EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL WAVES Spring Waves When a push or a pull force is applied to one end of a spring or a slinky, keeping its opposite end stable, its particles tend to vibrate back and forth in a direction parallel to the movement of the spring. The compressions and rarefactions formed by a deformed spring can be easily observed. Hence, the waves produced by a spring or a slinky are known as longitudinal mechanical waves.

42. EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL WAVES Stadium Waves when a group of people pull their arms up rhythmically one after another. The audience present in the stadium acts as a medium for the wave to travel from one location to the other. Hence, the stadium wave is a classic example of mechanical waves.

43. EXAMPLES OF MECHANICAL WAVES Seismic Waves Seismic waves are the waves produced due to the movement of the tectonic plates of the earth or because of an earthquake. Since the propagation of seismic waves requires a rigid medium, they are classified under the category of mechanical waves.

44. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

45. QUESTIONS What are EM waves? How are EM waves produced? What are some properties of EM waves?

46. HOW ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES PRODUCES?

47. HOW ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES PRODUCED?

48. PROPERTIES OF EM WAVES They do not require any material or medium for propagation They are produced by accelerated or oscillating charge. They travel in free space at the speed of 3x10^8 m/s.

49. Andre - Marie Ampere 1827 Michael Faraday 1831 Heinrich Hertz 1887 James Clerk Maxwell 1864 Hans Christian Oersted 1820

50. PROPONENTS OF EM WAVES THEORY Hans Christian Oersted 1820 Showed how a current carrying wire behaves like a magnet current in wire produces magnetic field

51. PROPONENTS OF EM WAVES THEORY Andre - Marie Ampere 1827 Demonstrated the magnetic effect based on the direction of current. Founder of electrodynamics circular coils act like magnets Inventor of solenoid and electrical telegraph Ampere (A) measurement of electric current

52. PROPONENTS OF EM WAVES THEORY Michael Faraday 1831 Formulated the principle behind electromagnetic induction. changing magnetic field produces electric field; magnetic field affects polarization of light

53. PROPONENTS OF EM WAVES THEORY James Clerk Maxwell 1864 Contributed in developing equations that showed the relationship of electricity and magnetism complete mathematical description of electromagnetism based on field equations

54. PROPONENTS OF EM WAVES THEORY Heinrich Hertz 1887 Showed experimental evidence of electromagnetic waves and their link to light demonstration of electromagnetic waves

55. Activity Time!

56. Accelerating electrons produce electromagnetic waves. A changing magnetic field produces an electric field and a changing electric field produces a magnetic field. The Electric and Magnetic Fields Together

57. The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency, means lesser energy. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency, means higher energy. High amplitude means high energy. Amplitude may be the same among waves with different value of wavelength and frequency. Relationships among Frequency, Wavelength, Amplitude, and Energy

58. Wave Speed The wave speed is the ratio of wavelength and period (1/f), thus… Wave Speed (m/s) = wavelength (m) x frequency (Hz or s -1 ) Frequency = wave speed / wavelength Wavelength = wave speed / frequency The speed of all EM Waves is the same – 3x10 8 m/s or 300 million m/s

59. Sample Problem What is the frequency of radio waves with wavelength of 20 m? Given: v= c = 3x10 8 m/s λ= 20 m f= ? v=c=λf f=c/λ = 3X108 m/s / 20 m = 1.5 X107 Hz

60. Sample Problem What is the frequency of light waves with wavelength of 5 x10 -7 m?

61. Wave Speed Wavelength Frequency 3x10 8 m/s 5.6x10 6 Hz 3x10 8 m/s 200 m 58m 7.4 x10 9 Hz 3x10 8 m/s 3.2 x10 8 Hz 3x10 8 m/s 5.4 x10 3 m

62. A certain FM radio station broadcasts electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 9.05x10 7 Hz. These radio waves travel at a speed of 3.00x10 8 m/s. What is the wavelength of these radio waves? Sample Problem

63. An X-ray carries a frequency of 3x10 16 Hz. What is the wavelength? Sample Problem

64. Yellow light with a wavelength of 5.89x10 -7 m travels through quartz glass with a speed of 1.94x10 8 m/s. What is the frequency of the light? Sample Problem

65. A wave with a frequency of 60.0 Hz travels through vulcanized rubber with a wavelength of 0.90 m. What is the speed of this wave? Problem 1

66. A lightwave travels with a wavelength of 600x10 -9 m. Determine its frequency. Problem 2

67. The speed of a wave is 65 m/s. If the wavelength of the wave is 0.8 m. What is the frequency of the wave? Problem 3

68. A wave with a frequency of 14 Hz has a wavelength of 3 m. At what speed will this wave travel? Problem 4

69. Electromagnetic Spectrum

70. Longest wavelength EM waves Uses: TV broadcasting AM and FM broadcast radio Heart rate monitors Cell phone communication MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING) Uses Short wave radio waves with a magnet to create an image Radio Waves

71. Microwaves Wavelengths from 1 mm- 1 m Uses: Microwave ovens Bluetooth headsets Broadband Wireless Internet RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) GPS (Global Positioning System)

72. Infrared Wavelengths in between microwaves and visible light Uses: Night vision goggles Remote controls Heat-seeking missiles

73. Visible Light Only type of EM wave able to be detected by the human eye Violet is the highest frequency light Red light is the lowest frequency light

74. Ultraviolet Shorter wavelengths than visible light Uses: Black lights Security images on money Harmful to living things Used to sterilize medical equipment Too much causes sun burn Extremely high exposure can cause skin cancer

75. X-rays Tiny wavelength, high energy waves Uses: Medical imaging Airport security Moderate dose can be damaging to cells

76. Gamma Rays Smallest wavelengths, highest energy EM waves Uses Sterilizes medical equipment Cancer treatment to kill cancer cells Kills nearly all living cells.

77. See you next time! Thank you