Q3 SPED - SCIENCE_Week four_Rock Cycle.pptx

SNED SCIENCE

1. The Rock Cycle Understanding the Processes

2. Rock cycle is the process through which rocks change from one type to another over time.

3. Types of Rocks Three main types of rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.

4. Igneous Rocks - formed from the solidification of molten rock material, either magma below the Earth's surface or lava erupted onto the surface.

5. (Igneous) Formation Process: Magma Formation: Magma is formed through the melting of existing rocks in the Earth's mantle or crust due to high temperature and pressure. Magma Ascent: Magma, being less dense than surrounding rock, rises towards the Earth's surface through volcanic activity or intrusions into existing rock layers. Cooling and Solidification: As magma/lava cools, it solidifies to form igneous rocks. The rate of cooling influences the texture of the rock: slower cooling results in larger crystals, while rapid cooling leads to smaller crystals or even glassy textures.

6. Examples of Igneous Rocks: Granite, Basalt, Obsidian

7. Sedimentary Rocks - formed through the accumulation and compression of sediments, which are particles of minerals, rocks, or organic materials, deposited by wind, water, or ice over time. Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils and provide valuable information about Earth's history and past environments.

8. (Sedimentary) Formation Process: 1. Weathering: The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological means. 2. Erosion: The transportation of these particles (sediments) by natural agents like water, wind, or ice to new locations. 3. Deposition: The settling and accumulation of sediments in layers, often in bodies of water or on land.

9. (Sedimentary) Formation Process: 4. Compaction: The pressure from overlying layers compacts the sediments, squeezing out air and water and binding them together. 5. Cementation: Minerals dissolved in water seep through the sediments, acting as glue, binding them together to form solid rock.

10. Sedimentary Rocks Examples include: Sandstone, Limestone, Shale.

11. Metamorphic Rocks - formed from pre-existing rocks that undergo changes due to intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes within the Earth's crust.

12. (Metamorphic) Formation Process: 1. Heat: Metamorphic rocks form deep within the Earth's crust where temperatures are high. Heat from nearby magma chambers or the geothermal gradient causes the minerals within existing rocks to recrystallize and rearrange. 2. Pressure: As rocks are buried deeper in the Earth's crust, they experience increased pressure from the overlying layers. This pressure, combined with heat, causes the minerals to align in specific directions, resulting in the characteristic texture of metamorphic rocks. 3. Chemical Changes: Sometimes, fluids rich in minerals can infiltrate the rocks, leading to chemical reactions that alter the composition of the minerals.

13. Examples of Metamorphic Rocks: Marble, Slate, Schist, Gneiss, and Quartzite.

14. Weathering ​ and ​ Erosion - are processes by which rocks are broken down and moved from their original location. The difference between weathering and erosion is based on whether a rock's location has changed.

15. 1. Weathering degrades a rock without moving it. 2. Erosion carries rocks and soil away from their original locations.

16. Uses of Igneous Rocks for the construction of monuments 2. as a toothpaste ingredient as a stain removal agent Used during manicure and pedicure Construction of walls and countertops Construction of bridges Manufacturing of tiles Making of sharp objects Building stone, makes cement and glass used in construction Roofing and decoration, and making bricks.

17. Uses of Sedimentary Rocks The use of sedimentary rock can be found in most buildings and monuments. Some uses of this type of rock are provided below. - Limestone is used to make cement. - Limestone and sandstone are used for building stones - Quartz is a type of sedimentary rock which is used to make glass. - Rock gypsum is used to make plaster. Natural gas, oil, coal, uranium, and other energy resources are formed in and come from sedimentary rocks.

18. Uses of Metamorphic Rocks Slate tiles are used in construction, particularly as roof shingle. Quartzite is sufficiently hard and dense that it is difficult to quarry. However, some quartzite is used as dimension stone, often as slabs for flooring, walls, or stairsteps. About 6% of crushed stone, used mostly for road aggregate, is quartzite. Marble is also prized for building construction and as a medium for sculpture.

19. The rock cycle is a continuous process that shapes the Earth's surface over millions of years.