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DLL on Science

1. SCIENCE 5 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 DAY 1 How Rocks Turn into Soil

2. Look at the picture below: What is in the picture? Have you seen that kind of rocks? How big it is?

3. What can you say on the picture provided? What happen to the rock? Observe the rock.

4. Rocks break up into smaller pieces and resulted in the formation of soil and different landforms. This is also the reason why we have an amazing rock formation.

5. The crust of the Earth is a layer that covers the entire surface of the planet and is the top component of the lithosphere. The surface of the earth is always changing. Some changes occur very slow while others take place very rapidly.

6. These changes are brought about by many factors. Some factors are caused by natural forces such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, others from human activities, animal actions, or even the growth of plants.

7. The main cause of soil formation is weathering. Weathering is the wearing away of rocks or the breaking of rocks into fragments. It is an important process that helps shape the surface of the Earth. Weathering occurs when rocks near or on the surface of the Earth are exposed to air, water, and other living things.

8. Weathering can be classified into two general types: mechanical or physical weathering and chemical weathering . In this lesson, we will study the processes of mechanical weathering.

9. Mechanical Weathering refers to the process by which rocks disintegrate into small particles due to change in temperature, human activities, and the actions of plants, animals, and frost.

10. In this process, the physical characteristics of rocks are changed but their chemical composition remains the same . It occurs when water enters cracks and crevices of rocks and exerts more pressure, causing the rocks to break. Only the physical appearance (form and shape) of rocks is changed. Mechanical Weathering

11. Agent of Mechanical Weathering Temperature Rocks are exposed to changes in temperature. When the sun heats rocks to high temperatures it causes rocks to expand. At night, rocks cool off because of the low temperature which causes the rocks to contract unevenly. This uneven expansion and contraction of rocks cause minerals that makeup rocks to loosen.

12. Agent of Mechanical Weathering Temperature As a result, the rocks crack or flake and fall apart. The outer layer of rocks may peel off known as exfoliation.

13. Wind The wind carries with it pieces of sand and small rocks that scratch and hurl other rocks. This process is called abrasion. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

14. Wind The weathered rocks break off from cliffs and are pulled down by the gravity of heavy rains. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

15. Plant The plant also grows on the surfaces of rocks. They help break down rocks by forcing their roots into smaller cracks in the rocks. As the root of the plant grow bigger the roots of the plant grow bigger which will make the cracks on the rocks grow bigger. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

16. Plant This causes the rocks to crumble into smaller pieces. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

17. Animal Ants, earthworm, moles, and other burrowing animals dig their habitats in the soil or rocks. In this process, these animals expose fresh rock surfaces to different weathering processes. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

18. Animal Chicken, dogs, wild animals, and other animals scratch on rocky surfaces and also expose them to weathering process. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

19. Frost The repeated freezing and melting of water are called frost wedging. Water sips into the cracks and pores in rocks. If the water freezes because of very low temperature, it expands and therefore breaks the rock. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

20. Frost Unlike other substances, water expands when water freezes. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

21. Human Human activities also cause weathering of rocks which include drilling, building roads and tunnels, wells, mining activities, and quarrying. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

22. Human Huge pieces of rocks are broken into smaller pieces so that people could use them. Agent of Mechanical Weathering

23. Say It! Describe how the following agent of mechanical weathering contributes to rock weathering. 1. Human 2. Plants 3. Temperature 4. Animals 5. Frost

24. Animals contributes most in rock weathering by quarrying or extracting rocks from the mountain. Do you agree with their activity? Why?

25. What do you mean by weathering? What are the different agent of mechanical weathering?

26. SCIENCE 5 QUARTER 4 WEEK 2 DAY 2 How Rocks Turn into Soil

27. Say It! Describe how the following agent of mechanical weathering contributes to rock weathering. 1. Human 2. Plants 3. Temperature 4. Animals 5. Frost REVIEW!

28. Observe the picture! What happen to the rock? What do you think is the cause of changes in the rock’s surface?

29. Rocks are made up of mineral crystals, other solid masses found naturally, and even in fossils. These mineral crystals in rocks have definite chemical compositions that react readily when exposed to air and water.

30. Chemical weathering occurs when the chemical composition of rocks changes. The minerals that make up the rock may undergo chemical changes, which may result in the weakening and breaking down of rocks.

31. Chemical weathering refers to the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces due to the action of some elements and compounds in the environment like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water.

32. The chemical composition of the rocks is changed during this process , which causes minerals to decompose and even dissolve. Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids are the most common causes of chemical weathering.

33. Agent of Chemical Weathering Oxygen. Oxidation is the process by which oxygen combines with another substance. Oxygen causes chemical weathering by oxidation. It readily combines with minerals in the rocks.

34. The compounds of iron are usually the minerals in the rocks that readily combine with oxygen. The product of this combination is rust. Rust makes rocks soft and crumbly and gives off a red-brown color.

35. Carbon Dioxide When carbon dioxide in the air easily combines with water, Carbonic Acid is formed. It is a weak acid that may cause chemical weathering in rocks. .

36. Carbonic acid dissolves and removes some of the minerals in rocks and form new compounds when it comes in contact with a rock. These compounds are called carbonates.

37. Carbonation is the process wherein rocks become softer and later decompose. The rocks become weaker by the formation of carbonates.

38. Calcite is the mineral in limestone that is completely dissolved in carbonic acid flows over limestone rocks. The water carries away the calcite. Because of this, limestone weakens and may easily weather.

39. Water New compounds are formed when water combines with minerals in rocks or substances in the air. These compounds weaken the rock's structure, causing it to crumble into smaller pieces.

40. For example, a new compound is formed when water combines with feldspar, a mineral in rocks. This new compound is called kaolin. It occupies a greater space in the rock.

41. As kaolin is formed, it expands. The other minerals in the rock are loosened by this expansion. This results in the breaking of the surface of the rock. The rock slowly breaks into smaller pieces.

42. Other acids aside from carbonic acid may form when water combines with other substances. These acids help in the chemical weathering of rocks. Acid rain is the result of the combination of water in the atmosphere with pollutants released from factories, homes, and vehicles. It also helps in the weathering of rocks.

43. Answer the following. What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces? 2. What are the 2 types of weathering? 3. What are the different agents of chemical weathering?

44. Acid rain is brought about by natural and man-made activities like the burning of fuels. Acid rain makes buildings, bridges, and monuments weaker as the years of exposure go by. What can you do to help reduce acid rain?

45. How Chemical weathering involves in turning rocks into soil? What are the agent of Chemical Weathering?

46. DIRECTIONS: Tell whether it is describing a mechanical or chemical weathering. ________1. When water seeps into the cracks of rocks and freezes, it makes the cracks bigger as it tries to occupy more space. ________2. Carbon dioxide in the soil forms a weak acid called carbonic acid that slowly dissolves minerals in rock.

47. _________3. As the root the plant grows bigger, it makes the cracks bigger and bigger until it breaks. _________4. An animal can break rocks as it burrows on the ground. _________5. When Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water rust is produced. Rocks makes rock soft and crumbly.

48. Will be provided by the teacher:    1piece of chalk  hammer  A piece of cloth  Goggle or Face shield

49. SCIENCE 5 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 DAY 3 How Rocks Turn into Soil

50. Answer the following. What is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces? 2. What are the 2 types of weathering? 3. What are the different agents of chemical weathering? Lets’ review

51. Weathering is an important process that helps shape the surface of the Earth.

52. Weathering is the breaking up of rocks into smaller pieces or particles. Weathering may break a large, solid mass of rocks into loose fragments. It includes two processes, disintegration and decomposition.

53. The disintegration of rocks is a physical process of breaking down rocks into fragments, while the decomposition of rocks is the chemical reaction of the minerals present in rocks when exposed to air and water.

54. Wind B. Water C. People D. Temperature E. Plants

55. DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the BEST answer. _____1. Which of the following human activities contribute to weathering? A. fishing B. mining C. snorkeling D. studying

56. _____2. How do roots of plants help in weathering of plants? A. They heat the rocks. B. They split the rock apart. C. They absorb the rock particles. D. They leave minerals on the rocks.

57. _____3. How does temperature breakdown rocks? A. Rocks break when it is cooled. B. Rocks break when it is heated. C. Rocks break when it is heated and then cooled. D. Rocks break when it is not exposed temperature.

58. _____4. Animals like rabbits and moles dig up soil for food and shelter. How does this activity contribute to weathering of rocks? A. Animals eat rocks. B. Animals enjoy the cold soil. C. Small rocks will be exposed to rain and sunlight. D. Digging or burrowing of animals break the rocks into small pieces.

59. _____5. How do lichens break down rocks? A. Through their roots B. Through their leaves C. Through their branches D. Through the acid they produce

60. Bring the following materials You will need:  A piece of chalk  1 tablespoon of vinegar  1 container  1 Goggle or face shield

61. SCIENCE 5 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 DAY 4 HOW ROCKS TURN INTO SOIL

62. What are the benefits of weathering to plants, people and animals.

63. Rocks do not break on their own. The outsides forces that break down rocks are called agents of weathering.

64. Rocks break down due to natural forces of the environment like wind, water and changes in the environment. People, plants and animals also cause rocks to break down. Weathered rocks will eventually become soil.

65. Soil is composed of weathered particles and humus. Humus is the decayed remains of plants and animals. When plants and animals die, their bodies decompose and becomes part of the soil. Life on Earth will not be possible without soil which provides a place where plant grow.

66. Plants are the main source of food for animals and people. Without soil there will be no plants. It takes thousands of years before a rock turns into soil.

67. Activity: Chemical Weathering You will need: • A piece of chalk • 1 tablespoon of vinegar • 1 container • 1 Goggle or face shield

68. Activity: Chemical Weathering What to do: 1. Get a piece of chalk. 2. Place it in a container and pour the vinegar on it. 3. Observe what happens to the piece of chalk .

69. Guide Questions 1. What happened to the piece of chalk when you poured the vinegar on it? 2. How did the vinegar respond to the chalk? 3. What sort of progress did the piece of chalk go through?

70. Do chemical weathering helps human?

71. What happen to rocks when exposed to chemical?

72. DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the best answer before the number. ___1. What is the most important effect of weathering to people and animals? A. formation of clouds B. formation of climate C. formation of soil D. formation of minerals

73. ___2. Which of the following activities is possible because of weathering? A. Planting of plants B. Producing essential oils C. Forming of Rocks D. Flying kites

74. __3. What will happen to plants is rocks are NOT weathered? A. Plants will grow. B. Plants will not grow. C. Plants will thrive. D. None of the these

75. ____4. What will happen to rocks if it is weathered? A. It becomes a soil. B. It becomes humus. C. It becomes a mineral. D. It becomes a powdered substance.

76. ____5. Aside from formation of soil, which of the following shows a result of continuous weathering? A. formation of sea B. formation of clouds C. formation of mineral D. formation of landform

77. SCIENCE 5 QUARTER 4 WEEK 1 DAY 5 Catch-Up Friday