Quark Modelby swampyaesone East yangon university.pptx

It Nuclear Physics , particle physics balsheussjejfhiakzfbejsk
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1. Quark Model Supervisor Dr Htay Htay Win,Lecturer Department of Physics East Yangon University Present by Group I 4th year physics 12 . 7 .202 4

2. Abstract The Quark Model categorizes fundamental particles .Essential to modern particle physics, the Quark Model has revolutionized our understanding of matter’s fundamental building blocks and their role in the universe’s structure. ‹#›

3. Introduction The Quark Model, proposed in the 1960s by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig, describes protons and neutrons as composed of smaller particles called quarks. Quarks, categorized into six types or “flavors” (up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom), are bound together by the strong nuclear force mediated by gluons. This model has been extensively validated by experiments and is foundational to our understanding of nuclear physics and the structure of matter at the subatomic level. ‹#›

4. What are Quarks? Quarks are fundamental particles that constitute the building blocks of hadrons, which include protons and neutrons. They possess fractional electric charges and interact via the strong force mediated by gluons. ‹#›

5. Theorized George Zweig (1964); Murray Gell-Mann (1964) Types 6 (up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top) Spin 1⁄2 Baryon number 1⁄3 Symbol q ‹#›

6. Fundamental Particles in Quark Model In the Quark Model, protons and neutrons are composed of three quarks each. Protons consist of two up quarks and one down quark (uud), while neutrons consist of two down quarks and one up quark (udd). These quarks are bound together by the strong force mediated by gluons, forming color-neutral particles due to the combination of quark colors (red, green, blue) within each hadron. This model explains the stability and characteristics of these nucleons, which are essential components of atomic nuclei. ‹#›

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8. The Three primary quark types are mentioned below Up The antiparticles that correspond to every flavor of quarks are known as Antiquarks. Antiquarks have the same mass, same mean lifetime, and same spin corresponding to quarks, but other properties like electric charge and other charges have opposite signs. ‹#› Twelve fundamental particles, i.e. six quarks and six leptons (the other type) are the basic building blocks of everything in the universe. Quark and leptons are distinguished based on flavors. The six types are namely: up, down, top, bottom, strange, and charm. Strange Down

9. Property of Quarks Mass: Quarks have different masses, with the top quark being the heaviest and the up quark being the lightest. Charge: Quarks have fractional electric charges, with up-type quarks (up, charm, top) having +2/3 and down-type quarks (down, strange, bottom) having -1/3. Spin: Quarks have a spin of 1/2, making them fermions. ‹#›

10. Types of Quarks ‹#›

11. Types of Quarks Hadrons: Hadrons are particles made up of quarks. They are divided into two families: Baryons: Composed of three quarks (e.g., protons and neutrons). Mesons: Composed of a quark and an antiquark (e.g., pions and kaons). Color Charge: Quarks carry a type of charge called "color charge," which comes in three types (red, green, and blue). This is unrelated to visible color but is essential in the strong interaction. Gluons: These are the force carriers of the strong interaction, mediating the force that holds quarks together within hadrons. Gluons also carry color charge. ‹#›

12. Conclusion The Quark Model explains that protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called quarks. Quarks come in six types and are held together by a strong force. This model helps us understand the basic building blocks of matter and is a key part of modern physics. ‹#›

13. Reference https://byjus.com/physics/quark/ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark ‹#›

14. THANK YOU