Questionnaire and interview-schedule

In research method, it s about the types and methods of questionnaire and interview schedule

1. Questionnaire and Interview Schedule By Praveen A 15AB29 Ranjani B 15AB30 Riya Mary Joeman 15AB31 Robin Pavithran 15AB32

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3. Questionnaires Research instrument and it is a Pre-formulated written set of questions of which respondents record their answers. Effective data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest. Types Personally administered questionnaires Mail questionnaires 4/18/2016 3 PSGIM

4. Personally Administered questionnaires Mostly local area based, Organization is willing to have a group of employee respond to it. Researchers can present potential respondents with the questionnaire in a variety of ways, including: - In person - scanner sheets through post - Disks Advantages Disadvantages Distributed to a large number of people at a relatively low cost Lower costs than interviewing Reduced interviewer bias Limited to those who can read and write. Probing questions required long answers cannot be write 4/18/2016 4 PSGIM

5. Mail questionnaires Mailed to the respondents can complete at their convenience (Time and location) Advantages Disadvantages Wide geographical can be covered Lower costs than interviewing Return rates are typically low Doubts cannot be clarified Techniques to improve rate of response Send follow up mail – small monetary amount as incentives Notified in advance about the forthcoming survey Adding related picture to the questionnaire ( help in some cases) 4/18/2016 5 PSGIM

6. Preparation Constructing the first draft Self-evaluation External evaluation Revision Pre-test or Pilot study Revision Second Pre-test if necessary Preparing final Copy Steps in questionnaire construction 4/18/2016 6 PSGIM

7. Interviewing One of the method to collect data Uses specially for Exploratory research Large number of interviews with a number of interviewers – Chances for Bias To minimize bias Good training to Interviewers Checking their interpretation Voice inflections Avoid differences in wording 4/18/2016 7 PSGIM

8. Types of Interviews Unstructured Interviews Structured Interviews Face to face Interviews Telephone Interviews Computer assisted Interviews Computer-aided survey Interviews 4/18/2016 8 PSGIM

9. Un-Structured Interviews OBJECTIVE To explore and probe into several factors in the situation that might be central to the broad problem area. It is the basis for conducting a structured interview. Helps in understanding whether the problem in hand is a symptom of a more and serious deep rooted problem Identification of several critical factors in the situation . 4/18/2016 9 PSGIM

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11. Structured Interviews BASIS Conducted after understanding the outset of what information is needed. List of predetermined questions are already decided by the interviewer. Conducted through telephone / face-to-face / medium of a PC. Interviewer must be familiar with the purpose and goal of each question. RESULT Identification of new factors and deeper understanding 4/18/2016 11 PSGIM

12. Face to Face Interviews Mostly conducted for UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS . ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Researcher can adapt the questions that are necessary and ensure that there is clarity in the responses. Non-verbal cues can also be an added advantage that cannot be picked up through a telephone interview. Geographical limitations on the surveys. Cost – Optimization Respondents feel insecure about their anonymity when interaction is face to face. 4/18/2016 12 PSGIM

13. Telephonic Interview ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Researcher - Different people can be reached(Local, international) Respondent- Eliminates discomfort. Respondent could terminate the interview by hanging up without any warning. Fixing mutually convenient time. Can not read non-verbal communication. 4/18/2016 13 PSGIM

14. Computer Assisted Interviewing Questions flashed in computer screen, respondents can enter answers into computers. Out-of-range responses eliminated. Right sequencing order. Improved accuracy. 4/18/2016 14 PSGIM

15. CATI & CAPI CATI CAPI Computer Assisted Telephonic Interview Computer Assisted Personal Interview PC is networked into telephone system Respondents can use their own computers to respond. Computer selects number, dials and stores responses in a file. Respondents receive software and respond Quick, accurate and faster analysis of data, low field costs. Vs. 4/18/2016 15 PSGIM

16. Computer Aided Survey Services Researcher can analyze when field survey is in progress. Data can be cleaned up and errors can be fixed. Bias can be eliminated. Skip patterns can be programmed. Questions can be customized according to the respondent. 4/18/2016 16 PSGIM

17. QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE Funneling Unbiased Questions Clarifying issues Help the respondent to think through issues Taking Notes 4/18/2016 17 PSGIM

18. FUNNELING OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS TO GET A BROAD IDEA. THEN ASK MORE FOCUSED QUESTIONS. BRODER ------ NARROW. 4/18/2016 18 PSGIM

19. UNBIASED QUESTIONS Ask questions which gives least bias in responses. A loaded question influences the answers received From the respondents. Bias could be introduced by emphasizing certain Words, by tone and voice inflections and through Improper suggestions. 4/18/2016 19 PSGIM

20. CLARIFYING ISSUES The researcher should rephrase or restate important information given by the respondents. To make sure that the researcher understands issues as The respondent intends to represent them. 4/18/2016 20 PSGIM

21. HELP THE RESPONDENT TO THINK THROUGH ISSUES The researcher should ask questions in a simpler way. If the respondent finds it difficult to understand. 4/18/2016 21 PSGIM

22. TAKING NOTES The researcher must take written notes. The information recalled from memory is imprecise or often incorrect. If more than one interview is scheduled the information received Increases. The interviews can be recorded on tape if there is no objection. 4/18/2016 22 PSGIM

23. Thank You 4/18/2016 PSGIM 23