"TAJMAHAL" THE CIVIL ENGG. STRUCTURE

CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE TAJ MAHAL:
CONTENT:- INTRODUCTION - GROUND LAYOUT-CONSTRUCTION - COMPONENTS OF TAJ MAHAL-FLOORING PATTERNS - EXTERIOR DESIGN - INTERIOR DESIGN - STORM WATER MANAGEMENT - FACTOR AFFECTING TAJ MAHAL - REFERENCES

1. M.B.E . SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMBAJOGAI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SEMINAR ON CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE “ TAJMAHAL ” Guided by : Prof. KULKARNI N.K. Presented by :1)NILESH DESHMANE 2)ANIKET SAWANT 3)SHUBHAM KHADBADE

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GROUND LAYOUT CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS OF TAJ MAHAL FLOORING PATTERNS EXTERIOR DESIGN INTERIOR DESIGN STORM WATER MANAGEMENT FACTOR AFFECTING TAJ MAHAL REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his fourth wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal meaning Crown of the Palace is placed on the south bank of the  Yamuna  river in the Indian city of  Agra . In 2007, it was declared a winner of the  New7Wonders of the World  (2000–2007) initiative. Taj mahal is widely recognized as The Jewel of Muslim Art in India.

4. GROUND LAYOUT

5. CONSTRUCTION The Taj mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia. The construction started in 1632 using more than 20,000 workers and finally completed in the year 1653. Over 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials during the construction. Architect:   Ustad Ahmad Lahauri . Cost of construction: 32 M illion R upees

6. FOUNDATION OF TAJ MAHAL WELL FOUNDATION YAMUNA RIVER

7. WELL FOUNDATION Since the TajMahal was built on the banks of the Yamuna River, the workers built a Well Foundation. The foundation of Taj is made Sal wood which needs constant flow of water to remain firm and durable .

8. The following Stones are used in the construction: 1) Marble 2) Jasper

9. STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION 3)JADE 4)TURQUOISE

10. STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION 8) LAPIS LAZULI 9) CRYSTAL

11. STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION 5) SAPPHIRE 6) CARNELIAN

12. COMPONENTS OF TAJMAHAL

13. The Dome The most remarkable part of T ajmahal . Having enormous white onion shaped dome. Located at exact centre of structure . Diameter : 17.7 m (58 ft ) Height : 24.4 m (80 ft )

14. Finial of the Dome I t was originally made of gold but was replaced by a copy made up of gilded bronze in early 19 th century. It is 220 feet high from the ground level gives finishing look to the Taj mahal . The motif is a hindu symbol with bent lotus leaves mounted on kalash with coconut on the top.

15. CHATTRIS Having an octagonal base. Having small arches on each of the eight sides. Having a lotus with a gold finial rising from its summit. Taj Mahal “ C hattris ” flank the main dome from four sides.

16. MINARETS The Taj Mahal's minarets detached from the main tomb. Height: 43 m (141 ft ). Diameter : 5.65 m (18 ft ) Designed with a slant towards the outward side. On the top of the pillar there is an octagonal balcony.

17. I WANS By definition, iwans are vaulted spaces covered by three sides and open from one. There are eight smaller ones on the front face equally intricately designed . The monument has 28 iwans in all, with four main iwans on the four faces of the structure. The other 24 iwans are identical in size with four on each face and two on the angled sides.

18. GULDASTAS Decorated with lotus petals. The G uldastas are topped with gold finials. They were added to the Taj Mahal purely for beauty.

19. TOMB The tomb is the central focus. It stands on a square plinth. It consists of a symmetrical building with an I wan . Size of Tomb : Approximately (55 m x 55 m) i.e. 180 ft x 180 ft

20. The actual tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan in the lower level:

21. FLOORING PATTERNS

22. EXTERIOR DESIGN

23. INTERIOR DESIGN

24. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT:

25. Factors affecting the Taj Mahal: Acid rain : (weathering-chipping-cracking-So2-No2) Air pollution: (deposition of dust and carbon-containing particles) Deforestation: (roads and other infrastructural works) Tourists:   (humidity,  deposition of grime, wearing down the marble floors) Polluted Yamuna: (weakening the sal wood)

26. REFERENCES https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahal www.history.com/topics/taj-mahal https :// tajmahal.gov.in/view_taj.html https :// www.tajmahal.org.uk

27. Any Question ?

28. Thank You !