"Tribhuvan International Airport Overview" PPT helpful for your college project.

"Explore a comprehensive overview of Tribhuvan International Airport, including its history, components, operational challenges, and key facilities. This presentation also covers the airport's significance in Nepal's aviation sector, as well as detailed information on runway specifications, service providers, and accessibility."

1. TRIBHUVAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Presented By :- KRITISHA GURAGAIN 92100105061

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 01 History and Development Stages 02 03 Land Area and Layout 04 Topographical and Geological Data 07 06 Conclusion 10 Operational Challenges 08 Stakeholders 09 Passenger and Flight Data 05 References 11 Components of the Airport Facilities and Accessibility

3. INTRODUCTION Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) Location : Situated in Kathmandu, Nepal, TIA is Nepal's only international airport, serving as a critical hub for international and domestic air travel. Established : Inaugurated in 1955, initially as Gauchar Airport, it was renamed in 1964 to honor King Tribhuvan. Importance in Nepal’s Aviation Sector : Primary Gateway : As the only international airport, TIA is vital for connecting Nepal to the global network, facilitating tourism, trade, and cultural exchange. Economic Significance : Supports a large portion of the national economy, particularly through tourism, which is a key industry in Nepal. Land Area Consumed : TIA spans approximately 254 hectares (627 acres ),including runways ,terminals , and other essential infrastructure. Unique Aspects : Geographical Challenges : Nestled in a valley surrounded by mountains, TIA presents unique challenges for landing and take-off, requiring skilled navigation. Cultural Significance : Reflects Nepalese heritage in its architecture and design.

4. History and Development Stages Initial Establishment (1949-1955) : 1949 : Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) began as a simple airstrip known as Gauchar Airport, marking its first aircraft landing. 1955 : Officially inaugurated as Tribhuvan Airport by King Mahendra, this marked the start of its formal operations . Expansion and Modernization (1957-2000 ) 1957-1967 : The airport saw its first major expansion , including runway extensions and the construction of a new terminal building. 1985-2000 : A second significant expansion introduced modern navigational equipment, communication systems, and radar technology. Recent Developments (2000-Present ) : Ongoing upgrades, including terminal expansions, new parking bays, and a state-of-the-art air traffic control tower , to accommodate increasing passenger numbers and enhance operational efficiency.

5. Components of the Airport Terminals : International Terminal : Handles all international flights with facilities like immigration, customs, duty-free shops, and lounges. Domestic Terminal : Serves domestic flights within Nepal, offering essential services for travelers . Runways and Control Tower : Runway : A single asphalt runway, 3,050 meters long, equipped for both domestic and international operations. Control Tower : Equipped with modern air traffic control systems to manage air traffic efficiently. Additional Facilities : Cargo Handling : Facilities for the processing and storage of air cargo. Hangars : Maintenance hangars for aircraft . Runway Dimensions : 10,000 ft. x 150 ft., with a surface strength of 54 F/A/W/T. Apron Capacity : International : 9 medium and wide-body aircraft. Domestic : 15 small aircraft. Fire Fighting Category : Cat VIII.

6. Land Area and Layout Total Land Area : Coverage : Tribhuvan International Airport spans approximately 254 hectares (627 acres). Infrastructure Utilization : The land is utilized for runways, taxiways, terminals, cargo facilities , hangars, and support services. Airport Layout : Runway and Taxiways : Central runway with associated taxiways leading to terminals and hangars. Terminals : Separate international and domestic terminals are strategically positioned for efficient passenger flow. Support Facilities : Includes parking areas, maintenance facilities, and air traffic control.

7. Passenger and Flight Data Passenger Capacity : Annual Handling : Originally designed for 2.7 million passengers annually, Tribhuvan International Airport now handles approximately 4.5 million passengers per year, often operating beyond its intended capacity. Flight Frequency : International Flights : Daily flights connecting Kathmandu to major cities across Asia, the Middle East, and beyond. Domestic Flights : Regular flights to various regions within Nepal, ensuring connectivity to remote areas. Airlines Serving TIA : International Airlines : Over 30 international airlines operate flights to and from TIA , including major carriers like Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines, and Air India. Domestic Airlines : Major Nepali carriers include Buddha Air, Yeti Airlines, and Nepal Airlines, among others.

8. Facilities and Accessibility Passenger Amenities : International and Domestic Terminals : Equipped with duty-free shops, restaurants, lounges, banking services, and medical centers. Accessibility : Facilities for disabled passengers, including ramps, elevators, and special assistance services. Transportation : Available taxi services, car rentals, and ample parking areas for passengers. Safety and Security : Advanced Security Systems : Includes baggage screening, CCTV surveillance, and fire safety measures. Emergency Services : Medical facilities and a fire station equipped to handle emergencies.

9. Facilities and Accessibility International Parking Bays The Government of Nepal's VIP-Terminal, where international state guests are welcomed Apron Area at Tribhuvan International Airport .

10. Topographical and Geological Data Location : Kathmandu Valley : Located in the heart of Kathmandu, at an elevation of 1,338 meters ( 4,390 feet) above sea level. Surrounding Terrain : The airport is surrounded by mountains and hills, which create unique challenges for flight operations . Geological Data : Soil Composition : The airport is built on alluvial soil, which is typical of the Kathmandu Valley. Seismic Activity : Nepal is in a seismically active region, necessitating robust construction standards to withstand potential earthquakes. Coordinates 27°41′50″N 85°21′28″E. Elevation 4,390 ft. AMSL. Reference Temperature 27.8°C.

11. Operational Challenges Terrain and Weather : Mountainous Surroundings : The airport’s location in a valley surrounded by high terrain makes landing and take-off challenging. Weather Conditions : Frequent fog, especially in winter, can reduce visibility, leading to flight delays and cancellations. Capacity Constraints : Overcrowding : TIA often operates beyond its designed capacity, leading to congestion in terminals and on the runway. Runway Limitations : Single Runway : The airport’s single runway must accommodate both domestic and international flights, leading to tight scheduling and operational challenges.

12. Stakeholders Government Bodies : Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) : Oversees the airport's operations, safety, and development. Airlines : International Airlines : Key stakeholders include major international carriers like Qatar Airways , Turkish Airlines, and Air India. Domestic Airlines : Includes Nepal Airlines, Buddha Air, and Yeti Airlines, which connect various regions within Nepal. Service Providers and Essential Airport Services : Ground Handling and Cargo : Various service providers are responsible for ground handling, cargo operations, and other essential services at the airport . Air Traffic Control : Includes Aerodrome Control, Approach Control, and Area Control to manage aircraft movement. Aeronautical Services : Covers Communication, Information, and Technical Support services crucial for flight operations. Rescue and Fire Fighting : Ensures safety with an on-site fire station and emergency response team. Aviation Security and Facilitation : Manages airport security, including passenger screening and safety protocols.

13. Conclusion Summary of Key Points : Critical Role : Tribhuvan International Airport is vital for connecting Nepal to the world and for domestic travel. Challenges and Future : Despite operational challenges like overcrowding and difficult terrain , ongoing improvements aim to enhance its capacity and efficiency. Future Developments : Plans are in place to further expand and modernize TIA, ensuring it can meet growing demand and improve service quality. Future Developments : Expansion Plans : Projects include runway extensions, terminal upgrades, and improved facilities to handle increased passenger traffic. Airfield Ground Light at Tribhuvan Airport

14. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribhuvan_International_Airport # https :// chatgpt.com/c/25d54cec-a9f3-4c56-9ad8-8f34edc86fd1 https:// www.airports-worldwide.com/nepal/tribhuvan_intl_nepal.php https://caanepal.gov.np / https:// www.icao.int/Pages/default.aspx https://www.tourism.gov.np / https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100204

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