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1. ALCOHOLS AND PHENOL

2. LLO
Understand the IUPAC nomenclature,
physical properties, sources and main
uses of the hydroxy compounds
Name alcohols using IUPAC system of
nomenclature.
Derive the structural formula of an alcohol
from its IUPAC name.
Identify the functional group of phenol and
alcohols.
Elaborate on the physical properties of the
phenol and alcohols.
State the major sources of phenol and
alcohols.
Elaborate on the main uses of phenol and
alcohols in industry and daily life.

3. ALCOHOLS
-Containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- Alcohol form a homologous series with hydroxyl functional
group (-OH).
- Are covalent liq which do not conduct electricity.
- Neutral to litmus while alkalis are ionic liq which conduct
electricity and change litmus paper from red to blue.

4. General formula – CnH2n+1 OH or ROH
An alcohol containing only one hydroxyl
group  monohydric alcohol.
An alcohol containing two hydroxyl
group  dihydric alcohol.
An alcohol containing more than 2
hydroxyl group  polihydric alcohol.
Alkyl chain
Hydroxyl group

5. Diol / glycol
 Triol / trihydric
alcohol
Phenol

6. STRUCTURE OF ALCOHOL
Primary alcohol  -OH is bound to a C atom
which is attached to one other carbon atom.

7. Secondary alcohol  OH is bound to a C
atom which is attached to two other
carbon atom.
Tertiary alcohol  OH is bound to a C
atom which is attached to three carbon
atom.

8. TRY THIS
Identify the structure of alcohol
whether primary, secondary or tertiary
alcohol.
 2
0
alcohol
 2
0
alcohol
 3
0
alcohol

9. THE IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
Naming : suffix ‘ane’ is replaced suffix
‘ol’
Eg:
PARENT: pentan
SUFFIX : 2-ol
PREFIX: -
IUPAC NAME : Pentan-2-ol
•Find the longest chain.
•Recognize position of -OH
5 4 3 2 1

10. Eg 2:
PARENT : hexan
SUFFIX : 3 - ol
PREFIX : 4 - methyl
IUPAC NAME: 4- methylhexan – 3- ol
6 5 4 3 2 1

11. Eg 3:
PARENT: Pentan
SUFFIX : – 2 - ol
PREFIX: 2,4,4- trimethyl
IUPAC NAME: 2,4,4- trimethylpentan – 2 - ol
1 2 3 4 5

12. Eg 4:
PARENT: pentan
SUFFIX : -2,4-diol
PREFIX: 2,4 -dimethyl
IUPAC NAME : 2,4-dimethylpentan-2,4-diol

13. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL
12 members of alcohol exist as liq @ room T.
With the increasing molecular size, the
hardness of the solid also increases.
BP increases with the increasing of molecular
size.
Methanol, ethanol & propanol completely
soluble in water.
Carbon chain increases, miscibility decreases
in water.
Density <1  float in water.

14. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PHENOL
Phenol is not very soluble in water @ room T
but very soluble in organic solvent.
If mixed with water, 2 layers is formed.
Upper layer  saturated solution of phenol in
water.
Bottom layer  saturated water solution of
phenol.
@ above 68
o
C, phenol n water are mixed
completely.
BP = 181
o
C.

15. USES OF ALCOHOL
As fuel
As solvent
In medicine
In cosmetic manufacturing