Radiographic screen film artifacts

some of the artifacts and its remedies

1. Artifacts in Radiography and its remedies Niroj Sandha B.Sc.MIT 1 st year NAMS, Bir Hospital

2. Contents INTRODUCTION Screen film Radiographic Artifact Remedies Digital Radiographic Artifacts Remedies

3. What is Artifact? Artifacts are any extraneous images that obscure the desired information, and come from a variety of causes . Eg;- removable objects on or in the patient such as hairpins, dentures, jewelry, casts and orthopedic devices, objects in the patient’s pockets, snaps on hospital gowns, IV tubes, respiratory equipment, It is an irregularity on an image that is not caused by the proper shadowing of tissues. Can be controlled when their cause is identified.

4. Screen film Radiographic Artifacts Exposure Artifacts Motion Improper patient position Wrong screen film match Poor screen contact Double exposure Wrapped cassette Improper grid position Processing Artifacts Emulsion pickoff Gelatin buildup Curtain effect Chemical fog Guide-shoe mark Pi-lines Wet pressure sensitization Dichronic fog Handling and storage light fog Radiation fog Static Kink marks Hyporetention stain Scratches

5. Exposure Artifact Associated with the manner in which radiographer conducts the examination Motion Improper patient position Wrong screen film match Poor screen contact Double exposure Wrapped cassette Improper grid position

6. Motion Artifact

7. Improper patient position

8. Wrong screen film match spectral matching is recommended

9. Double exposure

10. Improper grid position change in density across the PA chest x-ray Upon inspection of the imaging room, it was found the upright grid was turned upside down

11. Processing Artifacts Mostly caused during film processing i.e by transport system Can be eliminated with a proper processor QC program and frequent cleaning Emulsion pickoff Gelatin buildup Curtain effect Chemical fog Guide-shoe mark Pi-lines Wet pressure sensitization Dichronic fog

12. Roller Marks Occurs when guide shoes are improperly positioned

13. Guide shoe marks

14. Water stain

15. PI Lines Occur at 3.1416-inch intervals

16. Emulsion pickoff Caused by pulling stuck films apart

17. Dichronic fog Due to mixing of developer with fixer

18. Handling and storage artifacts Caused by improper film storage conditions may be due to ;- increase in temperature or humidity Expose to radiation Pressure marks Static Hyporetention

19. Light or Radiation fog

20. Pressure Artifacts

21. Static Artifacts Build up of electrons in emulsion. crown, tree and smudge appearance

22. Hyporetention Due to build up of residual thiosulfate appearing yellow on prolong storage.

23. Digital Radiographic Artifacts Associated with Pixel failure Image Receptor Artifacts Dust, dirt, scratches Pixel malfunction Ghost image Software Artifacts Range/scaling Image compression Object Artifact Patient position Collimator/partition Back scatter

24. Dust , dirt, scratches

25. Pixel malfunction / Dead pixel

26. Ghost image

27. References Radiologic.Science.for.Technologists.Physics.Biology.and. Protection.10 th edition ( BUSHONG ) Radiopedia.com Slideshare.net