Raise organic small ruminants. Goat sheep

Raise organic small ruminants

1. introduction about o follow r ganic Goat Farming Goats play an important role in food production systems in developing countries. Their great popularity can be explained by their good adaptation to many different climates ( ecological adaptation ) and the many uses for which they can be kept.

2. SMALL RUMIN A NTS

3. RUMINANT S the word " ruminant " comes from the Latin ruminare , which means "to chew over again “ Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through bacterial actions

4. the process typically requires the fermented ingesta (known as cud ) to be regurgitated and chewed again RUMINATION – is the process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion

5.  Taxonomically, the suborder Ruminantia (also known as Ruminants) is a lineage of herbivorous artiodactylas that includes the most advanced and widespread of the world's ungulates  The term 'ruminant' is not synonymous with Ruminantia . Suborder Ruminantia includes many ruminant species.

6. Capra a garicus h ircus

7. KEITH HERNANDEZ

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16. Common Terms 1. Forages – supply most of the nutrients needed by their bodies. - naturally occurring grasses, herbaceous legumes and tree legumes. These include the leaves, soft stems, flowers and pods. 2. Pasture – grass covered land or areas where grasses are the natural dominant species. 3. Grassland – part of the ecosystem in which grasses and other forage plants form the dominant type of vegetation. 4. Fodder – food crop used as feed material for domesticated animals – either fresh or dried.

17. 5. Soilage – forage that are cut and feed fresh to the animals. Also green chop, soiling or cut and carry. 6 . Silage – is a preserved/fermented livestock feed containing 65% moisture and 35% DM. it is the product formed when grasses and other plants and agri -left overs with sufficient moisture and sugar content are stored without air . 7 . Concentrates – feedstuffs low in fiber and high in digestible nutrients. 8. Roughage – feedstuffs high in fiber and low in digestible nutrients . 9. Hay – term applied to plant parts that are dried and cured to its feeding value.

18. DIFFERENT BREEDS OF GOAT

19. DAIRY TYPES Alpine (French) composed of several varieties including the most popular French Alpine and the less numerous British, Rock and Swiss Alpines. medium to large in size Mature females stand not less than 30“ at the withers, weigh not less than 135 lb Males stand from 34 to 40” at the withers and not less than 170 lb.

20. Alpine (British) tall, rangy and graceful best suited to temperate climates and perform poorly in regions with high humidity good milk producers, with an average fat yield of 4 %. exhibit a tendency to good winter milking and have an extended lactation period . black with white markings . coat is generally short, fine and glossy but bucks often have longer hair.

21. La Mancha •developed in the U.S. from crossing a short-eared goat of Spanish origin with purebreds of the Swiss breeds. •distinguished by very short, or the total lack of, external ears. •There are two types of La Mancha ears: • 1. "gopher" ear allowable length is about is 1 inch; bucks must have the "gopher" ear type to be eligible for registration • 2. “elf" ear. - 2 inches.. •medium in size with any color or combination of colors and a short, glossy hair coat

22. Nubian a.k.a. Anglo-Nubian a relatively large, proud, and graceful dairy goat of Oriental origin, known for high quality, high milk fat percentage . characterized by long drooping ears, convex (roman) noses and a short, glossy hair coat . it is the distinctive convex facial profile between the eyes and the muzzle, and the long bell-shaped ears , that immediately identify the breed. The ears should extend about one-inch beyond the muzzle. They are medium to moderately large in size with good stature

23. Oberhasli medium size, vigorous and alert in appearance. color preferred is chamois but does may be black. The chamois color varies from a light bay to a deep red bay with the latter most desirable. Markings include two black stripes down the face with the forehead nearly all black, black legs below the knees and hocks, and ears black inside and bay outside. The face is straight.

24. Saanen • white or light cream in color with white preferred. Spots on the skin are not discriminated against . Small spots of color on the hair are allowable, but not desirable . •They are medium to large in size with rugged bone, plenty of vigor yet feminine throughout . •The ears should be of medium size and carried erect. • A tendency toward a roman nose is discriminated against

25. Toggenberg medium in size, sturdy and vigorous . may be of various shades of brown with white markings. These white markings appear as two stripes on the face from eye area to nose, around the outer edge of the ear, from foot to knee, from foot to hock and as a triangular patch on each side of the tail, covering the pin bone area . Ears are of medium size and alertly carried

26. White Shorthaired Goat similar to the Saanen in appearance, pure white, shorthaired without any colored hair allowed. Some strains maintain the characteristic Saanen's black spots on the skin of the nose, eyelids and udder . Upright ears. Most are hornless (75-80 %) strong but fine boned, deep and long in body, long legged

27. White Shorthaired Goat average females weight about 120- 150 pounds, height in withers 72-80 cm, heart girth 85-105 cm, males about 150-190 pounds, 75-85cm in withers and 95-115 cm in heart girth. Early maturing, first bearing in 12-15 month of age . average reaching 1700 pounds of milk per 300 days lactation (as an average of 1994-1998), may reach even 3000 pounds, with 3.7% fat and 2.75% protein . The average prolificacy is 190%, while 1% of recorded births are quadruplets.

28. MEAT TYPES Boer horned breed with lop ears and showing a variety of color patterns doe is a low maintenance animal that has sufficient milk to rear a kid that is early maturing . The mature Boer Goat ram weighs between 110-135 kg (~240-300 lbs) and ewes between 90 and 100 kg (~200- 225 lbs ).

29. Spanish Goats a.k.a. Brush Goats Most are horned; color and size are variable. Only horned bucks should be used, as naturally polled goats carry a gene for hermaphrodism. characterized as hardy and adaptable, excellent foragers, and excellent mothers. their flighty disposition—if raised extensively—may make them hard to handle, and they are generally slower-growing and lighter-muscled than other types

30. Myotonic ( Wooden Leg ) when they are frightened or excited they "lock up" and often fall over (faint) and lie very stiff for a few seconds heavy rumped , deep chested animals. Most are black and white but multi colors are not uncommon. Seasonal breeders, easy kidders and have good milk production, noted to produce two kiddings a year, good mothers so in most cases a bonding pen is not needed. not good climbers and jumpers they are somewhat easier to keep than other goats.

31. Philippine Goat Two varieties of Philippine goats raised for meat production: coarse haired type is cream, tan or light brown and usually polled. fine hair variety is black or brown and may have a white belt, usually horned.

32. FIBER TYPES Cashmere easy to raise, healthy animals and take only minimal care. not jumpers like many other goat breeds and standard woven wire sheep fencing will contain them Minimal shelter is all that is required to house them due to the insulative properties of their dual coats, which is shed for the summer. They are sheared once a year and a full grown adult buck will yield as much as 2.5 pounds of fleece. The fleece consists of two kinds of fiber, cashmere and guard hair. Average cashmere percentages are in the 20% range

33. Angora average goat in the U.S. shears approximately 5.3 pounds of mohair per shearing and are usually sheared twice a year. They produce a fiber with a staple length of between 12 and 15cm . both sexes are horned, bucks usually have a pronounced spiral to the horn, which comes back and away from the head; the horns of mature bucks sometimes reach two or more feet in length