RAKTA AS A CHTURTH DOSHA - Conceptual data

RAKTA AS A CHTURTH DOSHA - Conceptual data

1. RAKTA AS CHaTURTH DOSHA - a literary study DR SHWETA DR SANDEEP G DAHILEKAR 2 ND YEAR PG SCHOLAR PROFESSOR DEPT OF ROGA NIDANA EVUM VIKRiTI VIGYAN ROG NIDANA EVUM VIKRITI VIGYAN

2. Rakta dhatu : is one of the seven dhatus described in ayurveda . It has the prime most importance in the life of all pranimatras. Rakta is the second of all the seven dhatus. त एते शरीरधारणाद्धातव  [ १ ]  इत्युच्यन्ते  - su.su14/20 They support the body ,hence they are known as a DHATU. NIRUKTI: The word Rakta is derived from Sanskrit word “Ranj ranjne” meaning to stain. The word ‘ranj’ red coloured that’s why it is called as a Rakta.

3. Metabolism Of Rakta Dhatu: यत्तु यकृत्प्लीह्नोः पित्तं तस्मिन् रञ्जकोऽग्निरिति सञ्ज्ञा, स रसस्य रागकृदुक्तः; su.su 21/10 The nourishing portion of rasa dhatu and constituents of nutrients fluid (aahara rasa) are transformed into Rakta by action of ranjaka pitta. Sthana : sthana of Rakta is Raktawaha strotas( channel) & their principal organs are Yakrut, pliha – cha. Yakrut, Pliha, Raktvahi dhamni – su .

4. PRMANA : 8 Anjali . UPDHATU & MALA : Updhatu (secondary tissue): Kandara (tendon) or sira( blood vesseles)- cha. Raj –sha. Mala(excreted part): Pitta –cha. Ranjak pitta –sha.

5. Mahabhuta pradhanta : पाञ्चभौतिकं   त्वपरे   जीवरक्तमाहुराचार्याः   ||८|| su . Su 14/8 Jivrakta means blood in life because blood is seen only in living body and not in the dead one. Pradhanyata- -TEJ, Jala( chakrpani) Apaa, vanhi( Dalhna ) विस्रता द्रवता रागः स्पन्दनं लघुता  [ १ ]  तथा | भूम्यादीनां  [ २ ]  गुणा ह्येते दृश्यन्ते चात्र शोणिते ||९|| su.Su 14/ 9 Prithvi, Jala, Agni, Vayu, Aakash.

6. Discussion: Why Rakta should be considered as a chaturtha Dosha ? 1 . While describing shatkriyakala , in prsara avstha , with doshas, rakta is also included. 2. Rakta is the cause of , a sharirik Vyadhi, Sharirik Vyadhi are those caused by foods which bring about abnormalities in v, p, k, rakta, by this we can understand as Rakta is moola of Sharira also it is moola of sharirik Vyadhis like other doshas.

7. 3. देहस्य रुधिरं मूलं रुधिरेणैव धार्यते | तस्माद्यत्नेन संरक्ष्यं रक्तं जीव इति स्थितिः || 14/ ४४ || It has the potential for the pranadharna of all the pranimatras. Rakta is called a “ jeeva .” It has a major role in development of various organs, in their functioning as well as in nidana and Chikitsa of many vyadhis.

8. 4. Acharya susurat mat : वातपित्तश्लेष्माण   एव   [ १ ]   देहसम्भवहेतवः   | तैरेवाव्यापन्नैरधोमध्योर्ध्वसन्निविष्टैः   शरीरमिदं   धार्यतेऽगारमिव   स्थूणाभिस्तिसृभिः   अतश्च   त्रिस्थूणमाहुरेके   | त   एव   च   व्यापन्नाः   प्रलयहेतवः   | तदेभिरेव   शोणितचतुर्थैः   सम्भवस्थितिप्रलयेष्वप्यविरहितं   शरीरं   भवति   || su . su 21/ ३|| The three sthuna( v, p, k ) are the cause for the origin of the body and they are situated in the lower, middle and upper parts of the body. The body in the same way like a house supported on three pillars and when they are vitiated causes destruction of the body. This three along with shonita even present during the origin , existence & destruction of the body.

9. 5. तेषां क्षयवृद्धी शोणितनिमित्ते, तस्मात्तदधिकृत्य वक्ष्यामः  | su .su.14/21 All dhatus kshya and vriddhi depends on a Rakta dhatu. नर्ते देहः कफादस्ति न पित्तान्न च मारुतात् | शोणितादपि वा नित्यं देह एतैस्तु धार्यते  [ १ ]  || su.su21/ ४|| Vata, pitta, kapha and Rakta they all are Nitya supported a body.

10. 5.Raktja roga – As we have Roga due to vitiation of Tridosha, we have diff. disorders Kustha, Raktpitta, visrpa, Nyaccha, Vyanga. 6.Shodhan Chikitsa –in Panchkrma, individual three Doshas have their specific shodhan procedure, Raktmokshna is also told for vitiated Rakta. 7.Rakta prakopka hetu explained in charak Samhita 8.Disease classification – while classifying diseases many of the surgical diseases are classified v, p, k , raktja eg. ,Gulma, vrana shopha, pleeha roga etc.

11. Why rakta should be not considered as chaturtha dosha ?: 1. Acharya Chakrapani commented in teeka he initially said that , Acharya charka had not included rakta in dosha samgraha. 2. As in the formation of rakta it undergoes uttarothara dhatu formation as per kshira-dadhi nyaya, hence rakta is formed only after formation of rasa and in Doshas formation they individually present and not dependent on each other. 3. Nirukti of vata, pitta, kapha explained by Sushruta.

12. 4.Dosha can independently vitiate others but shonita expects others( v, p, k) for their vitiation Dushti hetu, lakshanas and vikaras – etiological factors causing Rakta Dushti are actually the factors which vitiate doshas, and these vitiate doshas entering the rakta dhatu produce lakshnas according to vitiated doshas in the location of rakta dhatu.

13. 6) Regarding the vishesh sthana of dosha, but never explained Rakta sthana. V- Shroni, Guda P- Pakkwashya and Amashaya, Madhyam bhag K- Amashaya 7) Comparatively sushrutha doshas are compared to Soma- k Surya- p Anila- v But he never explained Rakta.

14. 8) Ashraya (Dhatu & mala) ashryi (Dosha) bhava, rakta included in ashraya 9) V- Asthi 10) P- Rakta, Sweda. 11) K- Rasa ,Mamsa, Meda, Majja, Shukra, Purish, Mala. Tridosha have their respective Nanatmja vikara. All Doshas have subtypes but Rakta not.

15. Conclusion : by discussing all the points we can reject the fact the Rakta as a chaturtha dosha because Rakta not vitiate independently instead it is the media for Dosha prakopa .

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