RDA & Dietary Requirement Of Lactating Mother

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1. MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY  DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE (M.SC.)   PRESENTED BY – Lalhruaitluangi Krittika Mondal Sanjana Pal Sarnali Paul Sukanya Ghosh Ishika Maji Argho Roy LACTATION RDA AND DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF LACTATING WOMEN

2. CONTENTS Introduction of Lactation & RDA Dietary Management Advantages Disadvantages Foods need to be included & excluded Conclusion

3. Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her child. Duration: Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months Continue breastfeeding up to 2 years INTRODUCTION

4. RDA (RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): The amount of nutrient intake per day should be restricted for a person according to his/her age, gender, height, body weight, physical status and occupation. Importance : Prevent nutrient deficiencies, support growth Necessary for maintaining good health Help people make dietary choices, maintain balance and nutritious diet

5. ENERGY PROTEIN FATS MINERALS VITAMINS FLUID DIETARY MANAGEMENT

6. DIETARY MANAGEMENT During lactation protein needs also increases as mothers milk contains 1.15g of protein/100ml. During first 6 months of lactation-additional 16.9g of protein is required everyday, During 6-12 months of lactation-additional 13.2 g is required everyday. ENERGY REQUIREMENT PROTEIN REQUIREMENT Lactating mothers need additional energy for production of milk. During lactation approximately 600ml milk is secreted daily. During first 6 months of lactation- additional 600 kcal/day energy is required. During 6-12 month of lactation- additional 520 kcal /day energy is required.

7. During lactation 30g fat is required. Fats during lactation is important for providing essential nutrients to both the mother and the breastfeeding infant. Healthy fats are crucial for brain development, energy and overall well-being. Lactating mother should consume 200mg/day DHA for optimal health and infant development. FAT REQUIREMENT

8. Breast feeding is associated with transfer of approximately 200 mg / day of calcium from mother to infant. Both during pregnancy and lactation 1200 mg/day has been prescribed by ICMR. The retention of dietary calcium in lactating woman is about 30 percent, hence extra amount of 600 mg is prescribed. The iron requirement during lactation is 23 mg / day . Since is amenorrhea during lactation the basal requirement will be same as in adult woman 14 μ g / kg. CALCIUM REQUIREMENT IRON REQUIREMENT

9. Milk levels of selenium and iodine would be low if maternal intake is low . Zinc supports the immune system, growth, and development. For lactating mother 14mg/day is required. Magnesium is important for muscle function, nerve transmission, and bone health. Copper is involved in energy production, iron metabolism, and connective tissue formation. Adequate iodine intake is crucial for proper thyroid function and brain development in the baby. Potassium supports fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Manganese is involved in bone formation, blood clotting, and antioxidant defense. OTHER MINERALS REQUIREMENT

10. Vitamin A for lactating women is needed around 950 μ g /day. Good sources include sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach, and liver. Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) for lactating women is required 2.1 mg per day. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) needed for lactating women is 3.0mg/day. Vitamin B9 (Folate) is required for sedentary women around 220 μ g / day. During lactation- additional 330 μ g / day folate is required. Folate is crucial for preventing birth defects and supporting DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) for lactating women needed 3.5 μ g / day. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and the development of the baby's nervous system. VITAMIN A REQUIREMENT VITAMIN B REQUIREMENT

11. Vit C is required about 115 mg/day for lactating women. Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, and broccoli are good sources. Vit D is required about 600 IU/per day. Sunlight exposure, fortified dairy products, and fatty fish contribute to vitamin D intake. Staying hydrated is important for milk production and overall health. There's no specific RDA for water intake during lactation, but a general guideline is to drink to thirst. It's a good idea to aim for around 8 to 10 cups (64 to 80 ounces) of fluid per day, which can include water, herbal teas, and other non-caffeinated beverages. Limit caffeine intake and consumption of alcohol should be avoided. More caffeine can be transmitted to breast milk, and excessive alcohol consumption can affect milk production and infant health. VITAMIN C & VITAMIN D REQUIREMENT FLUID REQUIREMENT CAFFEINE AND ALCOHOL

12. SUMMARY FOR RDA FOR INDIANS - 2020 Women Category of Work Body Wt Energy Fats/Oils (Visible) Protein CHO Calcium Magnesium Iron Zinc Iodine Thiamine Riboflavin Niacin Vit B6 Folate Vit B12 Vit C Vit A Vit D (Kg) (Kcal/d) (Kcal/d) (g/d) g/d (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) ( μ g/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) ( μ g/d) ( μ g/d) (mg/d) ( μ g/d) (IU/d) Sedentary 55 1660 20 45.7 130 1000 325 29 13.2 150 1.4 1.9 11 1.9 220 2.5 65 840 600 Moderate 2130 25 1.7 2.4 14 1.9 Heavy 2720 30 2.2 3.1 18 2.4 Lactation 0 – 6 m +600 30 +16.9 200 1200 325 23 14 280 2.1 3.0 +5 +0.26 330 +1.0 [phone] Lactation 7– 12 m +520 +13.2 200 2.1 2.9 +5 +0.17 330

13. Lactation, offers numerous advantages for both the mother and the infant. Here are some of the key benefits: For the Infant: Nutritional Superiority: Breast milk is uniquely designed to meet the infant's nutritional needs, containing the perfect balance of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It also provides essential antibodies, enzymes, and hormones that support the baby's growth and immune system. Immune System Boost: Breast milk contains antibodies and immune cells that help protect the infant from infections and illnesses, providing a strong foundation for a developing immune system. Digestibility: Breast milk is easier for infants to digest compared to formula. It reduces the risk of digestive issues and promotes healthy gut flora. Reduced Allergies and Asthma: Breastfeeding has been linked to a lower risk of allergies, asthma, and eczema in infants. Brain Development: Breast milk contains fatty acids, including DHA, which are essential for brain and nervous system development. It's associated with improved cognitive and neurological outcomes. ADVANTAGES OF LACTATION

14. CONTINUED … For the mother: Postpartum Recovery: Breastfeeding triggers the release of oxytocin, which helps the uterus contract and return to its pre-pregnancy size, aiding in postpartum recovery. Weight Loss: Breastfeeding burns extra calories, which can help the mother gradually lose pregnancy weight. Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Breastfeeding has been associated with a lower risk of certain health issues for mothers, including type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Convenience: Breast milk is always available at the right temperature and doesn't require preparation or sterilization, making feeding more convenient. Emotional Well-being: The act of breastfeeding can promote feelings of closeness, satisfaction, and confidence for the mother. Natural Contraception: Exclusive breastfeeding can act as a form of natural contraception in the first few months postpartum, although it's not fullproof and specific conditions must be met.

15. While breastfeeding offers numerous benefits, there are also some potential disadvantages or challenges associated with lactation. These can vary from person to person and may include: Pain and Discomfort: In the early stages, breastfeeding can sometimes lead to sore nipples, breast engorgement, and even cracked skin. Latch Issues: Achieving a proper latch is essential for successful breastfeeding. If the baby has difficulty latching correctly, it can lead to ineffective milk transfer and sore nipples. Supply Concerns: Some mothers may struggle with low milk supply, making it difficult to provide enough nourishment for the baby. Diet and Hydration Demands: Lactating mothers need to maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated to support milk production. Time Commitment: Breastfeeding requires a significant time commitment, especially in the early months.   DISADVANTAGES OF LACTATION

16. Discomfort in Public: Some mothers might feel uncomfortable breastfeeding in public due to social norms or lack of proper facilities, which can limit their mobility and social interactions. Sleep Disruption: Night time feedings can lead to sleep disruption for both the mother and the baby, potentially causing fatigue and exhaustion. Health Concerns: In some cases, medical conditions or medications might interfere with breastfeeding. Mothers with certain health conditions might need to opt for alternatives. Weaning Challenges: Transitioning from breastfeeding to other forms of nutrition can sometimes be emotionally and physically challenging for both the mother and the baby. CONTINUED …

17. FOOD SHOULD BE INCLUDED & EXCLUDED FOODS INCLUDED FOODS EXCLUDED Whole grains, yogurt, soybeans and chickpeas, apricot, green beans, sweet potatoes etc. Alcohol, junk food, peanuts, tea, coffee, chocolate, broccoli, papaya etc.

18. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) play a crucial role in guiding the dietary management of lactation for both maternal health and optimal infant development. Lactating mothers should pay attention to their increased calorie needs, ensuring a balanced intake of essential nutrients such as protein, calcium, iron, vitamins, and minerals. Adequate hydration and omega-3 fatty acids are also important considerations. While following the RDAs provides a solid foundation, it's essential to remember that individual needs vary. Consulting healthcare professionals or registered dietitians who specialize in lactation can help tailor dietary plans to specific circumstances. Ultimately, the decision to breastfeed and the dietary choices made during this time are deeply personal. The advantages of breastfeeding, both for maternal bonding and infant health, is very important for both mother and child. CONCLUSION

19. REFERENCE 1. B.srilaskshmi ; 7th Edn ; New Age International Publishers;2018;Food Science 2. www.google.com.

20. Thank you