Reaction turbbine

ALL ABOUT REACTION TURBINE.

1. PRESENTATION: REACTION TURBINE MUHAMMAD UMER 002 ABDUL BASIT 005 MUHAMMAD ATIF 006 5 TH SEMSTER SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. NABEEL ALI

2. ALL ABOUT REACTION TURBINE CONTENT WHAT IS REACTION TURBINE? WORKING PRINCIPLE OF REACTION TURBINE TYPES OF REACTION TURBINE REACTION TURBINE PRESSURE COMPOUNDING STAGES OF TURBINE BLADES PRSSURE – VELOSITY DIAGRAM FOR MOVING REACTION BLADE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINE FUNCTION POINTS OF REACTION TURBINE

3. What Is Reaction Turbine? A Reaction Turbine is a type of  turbine  that develops Torque by reacting to the pressure or weight of a fluid The operation of reaction turbines is described by Newton's Third Law Of Motion (action and reaction are equal and opposite ).  Reaction turbines are medium to low-head , and high -flow rate devices

4. In a reaction turbine, forces driving the Rotor are achieved by the reaction of an accelerating water flow in the runner while the pressure drops . The reaction principle can be observed in a rotary lawn sprinkler where the emerging jet drives the rotor in the opposite direction . It is not possible to regulate the flow without loss . WORKING PRINCIPLE OF REACTION TURBINE

5. TYPES OF REACTION TURBINE There are mainly two types of Reaction Turbines. They are as follows- Radially Flow Reaction Turbine Axial Flow Turbine Mixed flow turbine

6. RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE

7. RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE Radially Inward Flow Reaction Turbine If a water flows from outward to inward

8. RADIAL FLOW REACTION TURBINE Radially Outward Flow Reaction Turbine: If a water flows from inward to outward.

9. Axial Flow Turbine The flow of water is in the direction parallel to the axis of the shaft . Example: Kaplan Turbine Propeller Turbine.

10. KAPLAN TURBINE The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine like propeller turbine which has adjustable blades and is used for low heads and high discharges. It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan.  The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the turbine's wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially through the wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin. The Kaplan turbine having drop height: 10 - 700 m and Flow rate 4 - 55 m 3 /s

11. KAPLAN TURBINE COMPONENTS

12. Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for electrical power production. They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions. Inexpensive micro turbines on the Kaplan turbine model are manufactured for individual power production with as little as two feet of head. Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each site to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over 90%. They are very expensive to design, manufacture and install, but operate for decades.

13. PROPELLER TURBINE. A propeller turbine generally has a runner with three to six blades in which the water contacts all of the blades constantly . Through the pipe, the pressure is constant; if it isn't, the runner would be out of balance . The pitch of the blades may be fixed or adjustable. The major components besides the runner are a scroll case, wicket gates, and a draft tube. There are several different types of propeller turbines:  BULB TURBINE   The turbine and generator are a sealed unit placed directly in the water stream.  STRAFLO   The generator is attached directly to the perimeter of the turbine.  TUBE TURBINE   The penstock bends just before or after the runner, allowing a straight line connection to the generator. 

14. MIXED FLOW TURBINE: The water enters the runner in the radial direction and leaves in axial direction . Example: Modern Francis turbine.

15. FRANCIS TURBINE The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B.Franceis and are used for medium head(45-400 m) and medium discharge.(10-700 m^3/s) The Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under immense pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine blades from the working fluid. The turbine's exit tube is shaped to help decelerate the water flow and recover the pressure. Water flow is radial from exterior to interior.

16. Francis type units cover a head range from 40 to 600 m (130 to 2,000  ft ). Its efficiency decreases as flow decreases. They may also be used for pumped storage, where a reservoir is filled by the turbine (acting as a pump) driven by the generator acting as a large electrical motor during periods of low power demand.

17. REACTION TURBINE PRESSURE COMPOUNDING

18. STAGES OF TURBINE BLADES

19. PRSSURE – VELOSITY DIAGRAM FOR MOVING REACTION BLADE

20. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINE ADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINE- It has an extreme capacity to use high pressures and high temperatures. It is a oil free exhaust system. Its blade efficiency is very high. Very high rotational speed. Less space required for the installation. DISADVANTAGES OF REACTION TURBINES- If gears are implemented it would be possible to vary speed on the requirement. The reversibility of steam turbine cannot be prepared. It recovers less energy per space. The blade tips wear a lot. Generates opposite thrust force.

21. FUNCTION POINTS OF REACTION TURBINE Only a portion of the fluid energy is converted into kinetic energy before the fluid enters the turbine runner . The work is done partly by the change in the velocity head, but almost entirely by the change in pressure head. It is not possible to regulate the flow without loss. Casing is absolutely necessary, because the pressure at inlet to the turbine is much higher than the pressure at outlet. Unit has to be sealed from atmospheric pressure . Water completely fills the vane passage.