Realities-of-social-inequality.pptx.......

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1. Realities of social inequality Prepared by: Fami , Bugal , Alzate

2. Why does inequality exist?

3. Social inequality The condition of unequal access to the benefits of belonging to any society. 2 ways to measure social inequality: Inequality of Conditions Inequality of Opportunities

4. Inequality of conditions The unequal distribution of wealth and resources within the society, leading to poverty. For example: A family living in a big and comfortable house, and can afford luxury items, like high-end smartphones. While, another family lives in a shanty, with little to no facilities and can’t afford to eat meals thrice a day.

5. Inequality of opportunities The unequal access of people to education, healthcare, and job opportunities. For example: - A child from a poor family can’t go to school. - Job applicants are judged based on family background. - A rural village that has no local doctor.

6. poverty The condition wherein a person or community lacks the financial capability to afford the minimum standard of living Lack of choice and opportunity for people and communities to uplift their lives. A deprivation of living in a well-decent community that compromises various dimensions of their life.

7. Cyclical poverty The continuous cycle of poverty beyond generations. Individuals or communities have no or limited ways to get themselves out of the situation “seemingly trapped” or “sustaining the poverty.” Debt Trapped – they use the money they owe to pay for their debts, doing so leaves them with no money. For example: A person who is in debt to a company borrows money from his friend to pay off that debt. He is still in debt, but this time to his friend.

8. Classifications of poverty Absolute Poverty – also called as “extreme poverty”, characterized by the severe deprivation of basic human needs such as, food, water, clothes, basic housing, healthcare, and education. Relative Poverty – also called as “subjective poverty ”, a socially defined poverty based on social context of the community or individual. - those people who can afford necessities but can’t afford anything beyond that. For example: A person who cant afford to buy a car is relatively poor compared to his/her co-worker who has a car.

9. Global divide

10. Global inequality The concentration of resources in some nations while others have less. A global divide between nations with fewer resources, less influence, and less power as compared to the superpower nations that have more of those. Various measures to determine how nations rank among the globe: Human Development Index (HDI) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

11. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP) Develops a classification system based on the measure of national income-Gross National Income (GNI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), along with per capita income for a year, level of industrialization. They classify countries into four types: Developed Economies Economies in Transition Developing Economies Least Developed Economies

12. UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (UNDP) For the year 2020, the UNDP released its World Economic Situation and Prospect (WESP) Report 2020. Major developed countries, classified as Group 7 includes: Canada France United Kingdom Germany Italy Japan USA (The Philippines belongs to the developing country.)

13. Human development index ( hdi ) Developed to emphasize the capacity of the population as the primary basis of measuring the development of countries, and not just economic growth. They measure various important factors such as: Life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and the measure of the citizen’s income. The countries are classified as: Very High Development High Development Medium Development Low Development (The Philippines ranked 107 among 189 countries in the world, with a measure of 0.718 point, classified on the low tier of high development.)

14. Racial inequality Key Idea: Racism and Racial Inequality is NOT the same. Why? Because… Racism - is the prejudice against people based on their race. Racial Inequality- the effect/result of the racism. Moreover, Race in sociology, is defined as the group of people distinguished from others based on common physical characteristics such as: Skin color, and Hair type. It is considered as social construct as some people may socially benefit from their race than others.

15. Racial inequality In the USA, people of color are sometimes treated unequally or persecuted simply because of the color of their skin. Light-skinned people in the USA also benefit more in terms of education, job opportunities, and social safety nets such as pensions, police protection, and hospital benefits, as compared to people of color. These benefits are collectively called as “social privilege”, that can hamper opportunities or even cause harm if they are not made available to the rest of the society.

16. RACIAL INEQUALITY In a survey conducted by Pew Research, 2016, in the USA, about 45% of black people point to racial discrimination. However, when compared against white people, racial discrimination averages only about 24%. Case such as this is the Death of George Floyd , wherein in May 2020, George Floyd, an African American man, died in Minneapolis, Minnesota after police officer Derek Chauvin knelt on his neck for over nine minutes during an arrest for an alleged use of a counterfeit $20 bill. Despite Floyd repeatedly saying “I can’t breathe,” the officers did not release him, leading to his death. The incident was recorded on video, spreading worldwide and sparking massive protests against police brutality and racial injustice under the banner of the Black Lives Matter movement.

17. Gender inequality A form of inequality based on one’s sex or gender affecting an individual’s life experience. Oftentimes, women and members of the LGBTQIA+ experiences this kind of phenomena, it may come from their family, school, place of employment, or even from the entire community. Two forms of discrimination: Direct Discrimination Indirect Discrimination

18. GENDER INEQUALITY Direct - when there is a denial of a service or activity to an individual because of their gender . For example: Non-acceptance of gays to work in a restaurant. Indirect - when policies are unequal or only favors one group of people based on gender. For example: A boss in a company who gives lower wages to women than men even though they have the same.

19. Why do you think inequality exists in the society?

20. Government programs and initiatives in addressing social inequalities As a result, social inequality has already been recognized worldwide, including the United Nations (UN) as one of the pressing problems in the world. To mitigate social inequality, the UN in its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) crafted global goals to eradicate various forms of social inequality. The SDG’s are a set of 17 goals and targets intended to be achieved by the year 2030, by all nations, as a framework for global development. It includes the following:

21. Sustainable development goals No poverty Zero hunger Good health and well-being Quality education Gender Equality Clean Water and Sanitation Affordable and Clean energy Decent work and Economic growth Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

22. Sustainable development goals Reduced Inequalities Sustainable cities and communities Responsible consumption and production Climate Action Life below water Life on land Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions Partnerships for the goals

23. Why is it important TO CLOSE THE GAP OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY? HOW CAN YOU CONTRIBUTE TO DOING SO?