Recent trends in electrical engineering

Recent trends in electrical engineering

1. Modern Trends in Electrical Engineering BY: Prof. RanjitKumar Parmar Head of the Dept. Govt. Polytechnic Junagadh at Om Engineering College Junagadh

2. I am here NOT to give you any thing NEW, but to RETHINK what we know in a NEW and NOVEL way…

3. What’s an Electrical Engineering in Reality?

4. Recent research Areas in Electrical Engineering Semiconductor Devices  Non-Conventional Energy Resources  Analog and digital circuit design  RF and Microwave Engineering  Optical Networks & communication  Information systems and network security  Remote sensing and satellite communication  Bio Informatics

5. Advanced Power system & control system  Sensor technology & Virtual Instrumentation  VLSI technology & Design  Digital signal processing  Biomedical Instrumentation  Embedded Systems and Robotics  Power Electronics & Electric Drives  System Modeling & Simulation   Mechatronics & Avionics

6. Major Sons… Smart Grids Large capacity batteries Wireless Power Transfer Higher Efficiency of PV cells Ultra fast Traction

7. Smart Grid Present Vs Past consumer Present Vs Past Loads Multiple point Power generation Selling of surplus power Complex structure Penetration of Smart devices up to consumer premises

8. Large Capacity Batteries Present batteries What may the problems posed by renewable resources? Nano wire batteries

9. Wireless power transfer Shall we see video ?

10. Bored of Wired charging?

11. What are IoT devices? Wireless wearable Tech What may be future of Wireless charging? Be ready for new term: WITRICITY

12. World energy source Less than 4 % of energy from solar

13. March 30, 2016 Heat Solar T h ermal Con c en t rate d Solar Power (CSP) L i ght Photovoltaic (PV) Concentrate d PV (CPV) Sunlight Sunlight Components

14. p-n junction Light can be separated into different wavelengths Only photon has more energy required can generate electron-hole pair P V ce ll w ork i n g

15. - - - - - METAL SURFACE FREE ELECTRON -

16. n-type s e m i c onductor p-type s e m i c onductor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Depletion Zone - - - - -

17. Typical output of a module (~30 cells) is ≈ 15 V, with 1.5 A current

18. Solar electricity prices are today, around 30 cents/kWh, but still 2-5 times average Residential electricity tariffs RENEWABLE ENERGY COST TRENDS

19. In terms of overall installed PV capacity, India comes fourth after Japan, Germany and U.S. (With Installed capacity of 110 MW) In the area of Photovoltaics India today is the second largest manufacturer in the world of PV panels based on crystalline solar cells. (Industrial production in this area has reached a level of 11 MW per year which is about 10% of the world’s total PV production) A major drive has also been initiated by the Government to export Indian PV products, systems, technologies and services (Solar Photovoltaic plant and equipment has been exported to countries in the Middle East and Africa)

20. Pv growth in india S olar installed capacity in India is 20006 MW

21. Growth of solar Every year growth of installed capacity about approximately 20%

22. High band gap PV cell provides higher voltage Typical efficiency of commercial PV is around 12% T h eoret i ca l e ff i c i e n c y o f P V ce l l

23. Types of solar cell s MONOCRYSTALLINE POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM

24. Where is the cost: Produce wafer (40%) Fabricate cell (30%) Interconnect and laminate (30%) Installation cost (same as cost of the module) State, federal, utility and other subsidize combine paying half of the cost Decline price of pv

25. MONOCRYSTALLINE March 30, 2016 Single-crystal silicon Octagonal shape (Corner Cut) Higher efficiency (16-22%) Higher Cost

26. PO L YC R YS T A L L I NE March 30, 2016 SQUIRE SHAPE LOWER MANUFACTURING COSTS AVERAGE EFFICIENCY (12-17%)

27. THINF I LM March 30, 2016 Simple Production Least Cost High Temperature Have Less impact Least Efficient (6-10%) Tend To Degrade Faster Have Shorter Warranty

28. Cell Structure March 30, 2016

29. One, Two and Three Bus Bars March 30, 2016

30. SOLAR PV MODULE MODULE OR PANEL IS COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT PV CELL CONNECTED IN SERIES. 36, 60, 72 CELLS ARE COMMON SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE : 0.5 -0.6 VDC

31. Connecting solar cells in series

32. Wave-Line Cell Connection in a Standard Module

33. Solar PV Modules

34. If the PV market growth continues at rate of 20% continues in 50 year, there will be 5 TW of energy provide by PV cells on the ground Within 50 years, photovoltaic will supply more than half of the world’s energy requirement Future reality ?

35. Now you guess Future of Energy…

36. For more visit my YouTube Channel

37. Thank you for your patience…