RECENT TRENDS or ADVANCES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.pptx

RECENT TRENDS or ADVANCES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

1. RECENT TRENDS or ADVANCES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Dr .D.Binu Associate Professor/ECE SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE-10 An Autonomous Institution (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi – Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

2. RECENT TRENDS or ADVANCES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Olden days- E.S was confined to a very few specialist. Most of the embedded software was written only in assembly language. Writing, debugging and maintaining the code were difficult and time consuming. Availability of powerful processors and advanced development tools, embedded software development is no longer ‘rocket science’. 4/22/2023 2

3. RECENT TRENDS or ADVANCES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS ARE: PROCESSOR POWER MEMORY OPERATING SYSTEM COMMUNICATION UNTERFACES AND NETWORKING CAPABILITY PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES DEVELOPMENT TOOLS PROGRAMMABLE HARDWARE 4/22/2023 3

4. 1.PROCESSOR POWER Growing importance of E. S can be Gauged by the availability of processors. About 150 varieties of processors are available from around 50 semiconductor vendors. Powerful 8-bit,16-bit,32-bit and 64 bit MP and MC are available to cater to the different market segments. Clock speed and memory addressing capability of these processors are also increasing. Very powerful DSP are also available for real time analysis of audio and video signals. As a result, the power of desktop computers is now available in palmtops. 4/22/2023 4

5. 2.MEMORY Cost of memory chips is reducing day by day. E.S can be made functionally rich by incorporating additional features such as networking protocols and even graphical user interfaces. The cost of memory chips used to discourage developers from porting an O.S on to the target hardware. As the memory chips are becoming cheaper, porting an O.S is no longer an issue. Now, wristwatches with embedded Linux operating system are available. 4/22/2023 5

6. 3.OPERATING SYSTEM Desktops-O.S are limited(Predominantly, Windows). E.S uses variety of O.S. Main advantage of embedding an O.S is that the software development will be very fast and maintaining the code is very easy. Software can be developed in high level language such as C. So time to market the system gets reduced. If real time performance is required, RTOS is used. Many open source RTOS also available other than commercial RTOS. Attraction of open source software is that it is completely free and the complete source code is available to customize the software as per your application needs. 4/22/2023 6

7. 4.COMMUNICATION UNTERFACES AND NETWORKING CAPABILITY With the availability of low cost chips, E.S can be provided networking capability through communication interfaces such as Ethernet,802.11 wireless LAN and Infrared. Network enabled E.S has many advantages: It can be accessed over a network for remote control or monitoring. Upgrading the embedded software is very easy as the new version can be uploaded through the network interface. Due to enhanced memory capacities of the E.S, TCP/IP protocol stack and HTTP server software can be ported onto the system and such systems can be accessed over the Internet from anywhere on the earth. 4/22/2023 7

8. 5.PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Development of embedded software was done mostly in assembly languages. Due to the availability of cross compilers, most of the development is now done in high level languages such as C. Object oriented languages like C++ and Java are used. Main attraction of Java is its platform independence. The development of Java programming language was initiated mainly to address the embedded system market. Many exciting applications are possible by having a Java Virtual Machine in an E.S. To enable the system download Java applets from a server and execute them. Microsoft's embedded visual tools can be used for development of embedded software applications. People with experience in Microsoft Visual Studio can become embedded software developer with very little training. 4/22/2023 8

9. 6.DEVELOPMENT TOOLS Availability of number of tools for development, debugging ,testing as well as modelling of an E.S are used for fast development of robust and reliable system. Development tools : Matlab and Simulink – to model an E.S and to generate code to reduce development time. BREW(Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) , J2ME(Java 2 Micro Edition and Wireless Application Protocol(WAP) –facilitate easy development of applications for mobile devices. The entire application can be developed and tested on desktop computers and then deployed in the field. 4/22/2023 9

10. 7.PROGRAMMABLE HARDWARE PLDs and FPGAs – pave the way for reducing the components on an E.S , leading small, low cost systems. After developing the prototype of an E.S, for mass production, an FPGA can be developed which will have all the functionality of the Processor, peripherals as well as the application specific circuitry. System On Chip( SoC ) is the catchword that reflects the current developments in programmable hardware- a single chip is the E.S. 4/22/2023 10