Recombinant dna technology (production of recombinant insulin)

Recombinant dna technology (production of recombinant insulin)

1. Production of recombinant - Insulin Submitted to , PRESENTED BY NAME : Miss p . Mala NAME : C. ASIMA UNIVERCITY NAME: PMIST VALLAM, THANJAVUR REGISTER NUM: 123011356019 DESIGNATION : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY YEAR : 1 yEAR MSC DISTRICT : THANJAVUR BRANCH : BIOTECHNOLOGY Department of Biotechnology M.sc 1 year (biotech)

2. Introduction Insulin is prepared by recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology for medicinal purposes on a large scale. It was first produced in 1983 by an American Biotech company

3. Insulin production Insulin has been used for many years to treat diabetes. The human insulin is comprised of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. It is produced by beta cells of the pancreas is well managed by taking insulin. Earlier insulin was extracted from the pancreas of killed cattle and pigs.

4. Types of insulin Fast-acting insulin Intermediate-acting insulin Long-acting insulin.

5. Structure of insulin Insulin has two peptide chains referred to as A chain and B chain These two chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds. A chain has 21 amino acids and B chain has 30 amino acids. 

6. Insulin is a protein hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Where is insulin produced

7. Difference between natural and recombinant insulin Insulin is a protein hormone synthesised by the beta cells of the pancreas. It is produced as a prohormone, i.e. Preproinsulin . The signal peptide cleaves to give proinsulin. Proinsulin has to be further processed to become functional. Proinsulin contains another peptide chain known as ‘C’ peptide in addition to ‘A’ and ‘B’ peptides, which are required for its functionality. From proinsulin, the C peptide is removed at the time of maturation.

The genetically engineered insulin does not contain the C peptide.

8. Applications Rapid- or short-acting insulin helps reduce blood glucose levels at mealtimes intermediate or long-acting insulin helps with managing the body’s general needs. Both help manage blood glucose levels.

9. Advantage Humulin has a high absorption rate and shows its effectiveness in a short period of time.   Humulin is less expensive than animal insulin. It causes few allergic reactions as compared to animal insulin.

10. MCQ 1) Which cells of the pancreas produce insulin? A) alpha cells b) beta cells c) leyding cells d) interstitial cells 2) number of polypeptide chain in insulin are A) 2 b) 3 C)1 d) 4 3) insulin stored in which location ? A) vacuous b) cytosol c) bile d) liver 4) insulin synthesised in A) beta cells of pancreas B) LIVER C) alpha cells of pancreas 1) beta cells 2) 2 3) cytosol 4) beta cells of pancreas

11. Reference “Mouse PubMed Reference:”. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
“Insulin | Meaning of Insulin by Lexico ”. Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020.
“insulin – WordReference.com Dictionary of English”. www.wordreference.com .

12. Insulin human”. PubChem. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
“Deadly sea snail uses weaponised insulin to make its prey sluggish”. The Guardian. 19 January 2015

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