Religious denominations and Environmental Sanitation in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.pptx

Research

1. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION IN EDE, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA     A PRE-FIELD DISSERTATION IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) IN SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION Presented by EMUROTU , Andrew Eriabome

2. What is Environment? According to Kumar, “environment ” is derived from 'environ' which is a French verb that means "to surround or to encircle .” He quoted Simon Ball and Stuart Bell, who argued that the term “environment” is a challenging term to define because, in the words of Albert Einstein, " The environment is everything that isn't me .“ Anil Kumar (2018) “Brief Introduction of Environment, Ecology and Environmental Pollution” p.315.

3. What is Environment? Environment is therefore the entire surroundings of the land, air and waters. It is the physical tangible and visible surroundings which include roads, streets, gutters/drainages , rivers, and other water ways, buildings, plants (trees, grasses and so on)

4. Sanitation The National Sanitation Foundation of the United States defines sanitation as a way of life that manifests itself in a clean house, farm, company, neighborhood , and society . J . E. Park (2011). Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 21st Edition, Bhanot Publishers, India.

5. Sanitation WHO’s definition “the establishment of facilities and services for the secure disposal of human waste .” UNICEF and World Health Organization (2012). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: update,WHO Geneva

6. Environmental Sanitation Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) (1999. p 1) posits that: “a clean, secure, and enjoyable physical environment is what is meant when we talk about environmental sanitation” All the activities involved in ensuring that the above is achieved, is known as environmental sanitation exercise

7. Reasons for Environmental Sanitation Divine Responsibility to care for the environment According to Sadiq et al. (2018), maintaining proper sanitation is essential to upholding everyone's human rights and sense of worth . A dirty environment is a reflection of the low value people place on aesthetics. There is an old wives tales which says “cleanliness is next to godliness”, hence the prophet of Patmos declared that God shall “destroy them which destroy the earth” (Rev. 11:18) Q . O. Sadiq ., C. K. Ezeamaka , M. G. Daful , T. W. Anjide , Sani H. and M. Ogbole (2018). “ Environmentzl sanitation practices in Kuchigworo and Garamajijio along airport road, Abuja”. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning . Vol. 11(11). P.172-182. DOI: 10.5897/JGRP2018.0711

8. Reasons for Environmental Sanitation Health Concern Schistosomiasis ( bilharziasis ) - More than 200 million individuals are infected by the disease, which is widespread in 74 underdeveloped nations. Of these, 20 million are severely affected by the ailment . Diarrhea - estimated 1.6 and 2.5 million people die from diarrhea each year. WHO and UNICEF (2008). An Advocacy Guide - 5 Steps for Planning and Evaluating World Water Day Activities WHO (January, 2012). Global Task Force on Cholera: Cholera Country Profile, www.who.int/features/factfiles/environmental_health/en/. [Accessed February 2023].

9. Reasons for Environmental Sanitation Health Concern Cholera - Nigeria recorded 41,787 cases between January and December 2010, with 1,716 fatalities from 222 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 18 States of the nation. According to Premium Times Oct. 13, 2022,NCDC reported that in 2022, out of the 2,187 confirmed cases of Cholera in Nigeria, 233 died. All these, according to WHO, is the result of improper environmental cleanliness.

10. Introduction Due to the effects of indiscriminate disposal of waste on health and the ecosystem, various efforts are being made by government agencies, non governmental agencies and religious groups to ensure a clean environment. Religion , as a purveyor of beliefs and practices, can, and had always been a social agent of contributing to the impartation, sensitization and mobilization of people within a given community, especially on the health and environmental effects of indiscriminate disposal of waste in the society.

11. Introduction One of the practical steps taken by religious denominations in the environmental sanitation exercises include cleaning and sweeping of their immediate environments, cleaning of streets, clearing of blocked water canals, and disposing waste as much as possible. This is part of their social corporate responsibility.

12. Statement of the Problem The health and ecosystem problems caused by indiscriminate disposal of waste has led to the environmental sanitation drive by government agencies, non governmental agencies, religious denominations and other groups. However, of all these agencies and groups, only religious denominations are giving no recognition.

13. Statement of the Problem T he 2005 National Environmental Sanitation Policy (NESP) recognised the contributions of government sanitation agencies and others like the Academia, Organised Private Sector, Civil Society Organisations and the communities, but made no mention of religious denominations, despite the age long role they have played to achieve a cleaner environment.

14. Statement of the Problem Furthermore, there is an array of literature on the contributions of government agencies like the Osun State Environmental Protection Agency (OSEPA) and other groups like SRADev Nigeria, Friends of the Earth International, Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) and Nigerian Environmental Society (NES), but none on the contributions of religious denominations, especially in Ede.

15. Statement of the Problem It is this gap, this lacuna, that this work intends to fill, by researching and bringing to the limelight the contributions of religious denominations, and ascertaining the why, when, how, effects and challenges of their environmental sanitation efforts in Ede town. This will positively improve the perception index of the religious denominations within the society and will also provide literature for further research work.

16. Research Questions 1. What practical steps do religious denominations take in contributing to the environmental sanitation in Ede ? 2 . Why do these religious denominations participate in the cleaning of environmental cleaning in Ede? What is their motivation or inspiration ? 3. When do they do these activities? Daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, biannually or annually?

17. Research Questions 4 . How do they engage in this community service of environmental sanitation ? 5. What are the effects of the environmental sanitation activities of these religious denominations ? 6. What are the challenges encountered by these religious denominations in the cause of sanitizing the Ede environment?

18. Objectives of the Study 1. assess the contributions of religious denominations to environmental sanitation in Ede. 2. provide documentation on the activities of these religious denominations which will serve as reference material for future research work. 3. This work will serve as a material to be used to educate the indigenes of Ede and others on the social, ecological and health implications of indiscriminate disposal waste materials in Ede and the need for constant environmental sanitation. 4. To make recommendations that will enhance environmental sanitation exercise.

19. Significance of the Study The significance of a thing lies in its intent and import. Given the importance of religion as a purveyor of beliefs and practices, its contribution in the environmental sanitation exercise to reduce the effects of waste is indispensable to the search for a cleaner Ede and by extension Nigeria. This will bring about an aesthetic environment and perhaps eradicate the diseases and health complications brought about by disposing waste in environmental.

20. Scope of the Study Although , there are three major religions in Ede – African Indigenous Religion, Christianity and Islam, this work, however, shall focus on the contribution of Christian and Islamic religious denominations alone. This is because there is no evidence of an organised participation of the African Indigenous Religion on environmental sanitation in Ede.

21. Research Methodology The research method to be adopted in this work is the oral interview method, where an interviewer engages the interviewee, in a face-to-face or/and telephone conversation, and ask relevant questions for the purpose of gathering useful information for the research. To this end, the leaders and stakeholders of these religious denominations shall be interviewed by the researcher. The information gathered shall be objectively documented and shall form the basis for further recommendations .

22. Research Methodology i . Study Area, Study Design and Time Frame The sample area shall be some selected religious denominations within Ede town, and the time frame shall be within the period of the research .

23. Research Methodology ii. Study Population, Sampling Technique, Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria The study population shall involve leaders and stakeholders of four religious denominations. Only adults will be involved, excluding children and the physically challenged Six questions shall characterize the conduct of the oral interview (what, why, when, how, effects, challenges) drawn from the Christian and Muslim faiths.

24. Research Methodology iii . Sample/data Collection Sample/data shall be collected from some selected areas in Ede North and South Local Government Areas. v. Data Analysis Not necessary, but compilation and documentation of data shall be done.

25. Research Methodology 5 . Ethical Issues i . Ethical Clearance, Advocacy and Mobilization: Normal procedure will be followed ii . Full Disclosure: Due to the researcher’s deficiency in the Yoruba language, the service of an interpreter shall be employed. For easy access and response, there will be mobilization

26. Research Methodology iii . Consent: Individual’s consent shall be obtained prior to the interview iv. Voluntariness in Participation: Response shall be according to individual’s willingness v. Confidentiality: shall be fully assured. There shall be no disclosure of the respondents’ identity where reluctance is expressed, as the work is interested in the collection of data alone and not the identity of the respondents. vi. Safety: No harm is envisaged

27. Theoretical Framework The work shall adopt the theoretical framework of environmental sociology and sociology of health and illness. Environmental sociology examines how social behaviours, like the use of transportation, consumption of energy, and waste and recycling practices, shape environmental outcomes, as well as how environmental conditions shape social behaviour.

28. Theoretical Framework Sociology of health and illness on the other hand examines the interaction between society and health, and observes the way members of a given society behave and the consequent effect on wellness or illness. In other words, sociology of health and illness looks at how social life affects health and vice versa.

29. Definition of Terms Environment – in this work refers to the physical tangible and visible surroundings which include roads, streets, gutters/drainages, rivers, and other water ways, buildings, plants (trees, grasses and so on) Wastes – are unwanted and unusable materials or substance which are discarded after primary use. These wastes could include industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural wastes. Examples of some wastes include municipal solid waste (household trash or refuges), hazardous wastes (acid, chemicals), waste water (sewage which contains bodily waste like faeces and urine, and surface runoff), and radioactive wastes and so on.

30. Definition of Terms Biodegradable – are wastes which emerge from households and can be decomposed by micro-organisms. Examples of these include human and animal waste (excreta), plant products like dry leaves, grass, fruits and flowers. Others include food wastes, wood and remains from the dead creatures. The acronym for biodegradable in this work shall be BD.

31. Definition of Terms Non-biodegradable – are wastes that cannot decompose or dissolve naturally. These include materials like aluminium, iron, plastic bags, plastic bottles and some medical waste. The acronym for non-biodegradable in this work shall be NBD. Ecology – is the study of the relationship between living things and their environment; and in this work, most specifically, is the way human beings interact with their environment in relation to disposal of waste.

32. END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU