Renaissance architecture in france

History of Architecture

1. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE Prepared by: ARCHT. JEYCARTER A. TILOY, UAP HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

2. PERIODS OF THE RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE EARLY PERIOD ( 1494-1589) or 16th century . The special character of this transitional period lies in the combination ofGothic and Renaissance features to form a picturesque ensemble, while in Italy, a ,return to classic forms took place, In France there was a period of transition, during which Renaissance details were grafted on to such Gothic features as flying buttresses and pinnacles . CLASSICAL PERIOD (1589-1715) or 17th century. The period is notable for the dignity, sobriety and masculine quality of its foremost buildings , resulting from the subordination of plan, composition and detail of the unity of the whole, and the charity and simplicity with which the elements were used. Ornament, though somewhat coarse, is vigorous and reasonably restrained . LATE PERIOD 18th century . ( RococoStyle ) Architecturally , three stylistic phases may be distinguished. 1 . sovereign Louis XV 2 . sovereign Louis XVI 3 . Empire - 1790-1830 ROCOCO - a type of Renaissance ornament in which rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells are worked up together in a profusion and confusion of detail often without organic coherence, but presenting a lavish display of decoration .

3. The Renaissance in France French Renaissance architecture  is the style of architecture which was imported to France from Italy during the early 16th century and developed in the light of local architectural traditions. During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved in wars in northern Italy, bringing back to France not just the Renaissance art treasures as their war booty, but also stylistic ideas. In the Loire Valley a wave of building was carried and many Renaissance chateaux appeared at this time, the earliest example being the Château d'Amboise. 

4. FRANCE COUNTRY HOUSES Country houses took the place of fortified castles Some examples: Chateau de Justice, Rouen Chateau d'O , Mortree Chateau de Josselin Chateau de Blois Chateau d'Azay -Rideau Chateau de Chenonceaux Chateau de Chambord Designed by an Italian, Domenico da Cortona Semi-fortified palace, most famous in Loire district Chateau de Maisons One of the most harmonious of all chateaux Designed by Francois Mansart on a symmetrical E-plan Palaise du Louvre, Paris Built from Francis I to Napoleon III Together with Tuilleries, 45 acres constituting one of the most imposing palaces in Europe Renaissance PRE-HISTORIC NEAR EAST EGYPTIAN GREEK ROMAN EARLY CHRISTIAN BYZANTINE ROMANESQUE GOTHIC RENAISSANCE 18TH-19TH C REVIVAL 20TH C MODERN ISLAMIC INDIAN CHINESE & JAPANESE FILIPINO

5. Petit Trianon, Versailles Designed by JA Gabriel for Louis XV One of most superb pieces of domestic architecture of the century CHURCHES Church of the Val de Grace, Paris Projecting portal by Francois Mansart, dome by Lemercier St. Gervais, Paris earliest wholly-classical church facade by Salomon de Brosse St. Etienne du Mont, Paris Renaissance PRE-HISTORIC NEAR EAST EGYPTIAN GREEK ROMAN EARLY CHRISTIAN BYZANTINE ROMANESQUE GOTHIC RENAISSANCE 18TH-19TH C REVIVAL 20TH C MODERN ISLAMIC INDIAN CHINESE & JAPANESE FILIPINO

6. FRENCH RENAISSANCE CHATEAU DE BLOIS by Louis XII, completed by Francois Mansart

7. The Renaissance in France – the Chateaux The cultural center of France in the early 16 th c was not Paris, but the valley of the Loire, where the king and his nobles maintained elaborate chateaux or castles for leisure, entertaining and attending to the pleasures of the hunt. Blois in particular illustrates the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance style. Blois in particular illustrates the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance through the successive stages of its construction.

8. The Chateaux de Chambord By Domenico de Cortona . In contrast to this town-based chateau, the Chateaux de Chambord (1519-47) was built in the countryside in the style of a fortified castle within a bailey or outer wall, thus neatly overlaying Renaissance symmetry and detailing on a fundamentally medieval building type.

9. The Louvre, Paris (begun 1546) By Pierre Lescot The Louvre Palace was altered frequently throughout the Middle Ages. In the 14th century, Charles V converted the building into a residence and in 1546, Francis I renovated the site in the French Renaissance style.

10. The Place des Vosges, Paris, 1605

11. Originally known as the Place Royale , the Place des Vosges was built by Henri IV from 1605 to 1612. A true square (140 m x 140 m), it embodied the first European program of royal city planning and is the oldest planned square in Paris. What was new about the Place Royale in 1612 was that the housefronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau , of red brick with strips of stone quoins over vaulted arcades that stand on square pillars. The steeply-pitched blue slate roofs are pierced with discreet small-paned dormers above the pedimented dormers that stand upon the cornices.

12. FRENCH RENAISSANCE PALAIS DE FOUNTAINEBLEAU Gilles Le Breton

13. CHURCH OF THE VAL DE GRACE, Paris François Mansart (13 January 1598 - 23 September 1666 ) French architect CHATEAU DE MAISONS

14. The Royal Palace at Versailles Architecture and Art in the Service of Absolute Power

15. FRENCH RENAISSANCE PALAIS DE VERSAILLES

16. Description Versailles, France Northern France 10 miles from Paris 2,014 acres Served as French royalty’s estate Served as national government center Currently a museum

17. ARCHITECTS OF THE VERSAILLES Louis Le Vau  (1612 – 11 October 1670 ) French architect André Le Nôtre  (12 March 1613 – 15 September 1700 ) French landscape architect Ange -Jacques Gabriel ( 23 October 1698 – 4 January 1782 ) French architect. He designed the Petit Trianon and L'Opéra Royal de Versailles (Royal Opera of Versailles)

18. First stage of the enlargement of the hunting lodge of Louis XIII (built in 1624) into the Palace at Versailles under Louis XIV (1668-9) by Louis LeVau ; the black portions of the plan represent this stage.

19. History Represents absolutism and affluent royal Built as hunting lodge (1631-1634) for Louis XIII Louis XIV (right) renovated (1661-1710) it into the lavish estate that it is today UNESCO World heritage site

20. Some facts and information about Versailles Louis XIV proclaimed Versailles to be the seat of the government on May 6, 1682. In effect, the entire bureaucracy moved from Paris to the suburban villa of the king. The court consisted of 20,000 persons that included 9,000 soldiers, 5,000 servants, 1,000 great lords and members of the nobility, 1,000 lesser aristocrats (who visited the court on a daily basis) and 4-5,000 bureaucrats to manage the official business. The court was further supported by 2,500 horses, 200 coaches, and 5,000 hunting dogs. The great lords and members of the nobility were required to live at Versailles--in the palace--so that the king could keep track of them. They were required to wear entirely new clothing (down to their linens) for the king’s fetes and other important social occasions. They could beg permission to return to their lands periodically in order to regroup financially!

21. Breakdown Grand Apartments Queen’s apartments King’s apartments Hall of Mirrors Chapels L’Opera Museum Gardens Grand Canal Walks Additions

22. Chambers…

23. Chambers Continued…

24. Hall of Mirrors La Galerie des Glaces Most famous room Created after the Dutch War in 1678 Louis XIV Location of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI

25. Hall of Mirrors Structure 17 arcaded mirrors Large windows 73 meters long, 10.5 meters wide Decorated with chandeliers, thousands of candles, paintings, sculptures and bronze

26. La Salon de Guerre (Salon of War) was the prelude to the Hall of Mirrors. The relief portrait by Coysevox is based on…

27. The Hall of Mirrors: the axis between war and peace crosses the axis of absolute power.

28. The Ambassadors’ Staircase

29. The queen’s apartments

30. The bedroom of Louis XIV, site of the rituals called “Le Grand Lever” and “Le Grand Coucher.”

31. Gardens 230 acres Begun by Louis XIV in 1661 40 years construction Includes Grand Canal 50 fountains, 200,000 trees, 210,000 flowers annually

32. Fountains

33. The garden façade seen from the “Tapis vert” (green carpet) of the Versailles Park

34. The palace situated between the village of Versailles and the park with grand avenues radiating from the Court of Honor The garden in detail reflects the geometry of the plan at the urban and regional scale. The principal approach connected with the Champs Elysees in Paris.

35. Naval battles were staged on the lagoon to the west of the sloping grass terrace The fountains with the main e-w axis in view.

36. The fountains from a bird’s eye view of Versailles Park

37. The site

38. Court of Honor Garden Façade in the scheme of 1669 by Louis LeVau

39. In 1678, Jules-Hardouin Mansart filled in the center section of west side to create the Hall of Mirrors (Galerie des Glaces) as part of a major expansion of the palace.

40. The Mansart expansion of Versailles brought the total length of the garden façade to about one-third of a mile. Main pavilion with south wing, viewed from the south