Renewable sources of Energy presentation.pptx

Describes about sources of Energy

1. UNIT III RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY BALAGURU K

2. WHAT IS ENERGY? Energy is the capacity to do work and is required for life processes.   Modern civilization is possible because people have learned how to change energy from one form to another and then use it to do work.

3. RENEWABLE SOURCES Renewable energy is energy that comes from a source that won't run out.  They are natural and self-replenishing. Usually have a low- or zero-carbon footprint.

4. NON RENEWABLE SOURCES  Once these resources are used up, they cannot be replaced.  Most sources of non-renewable energy are fossil fuels, such as coal, gas, and oil.

5. GROWING ENERGY NEEDS Regardless of the source of energy, demand is growing.  The global population expected to increase by about two billion over the next two decades.  with improving standards of living, it is estimated that electricity consumption will increase 50% from 2021 to 2040. ( Source: IEA World Energy Outlook, 2022.)

6. ENERGY DEMAND IN INDIA India is the third largest energy-consuming country in the world after China and the USA. The country’s energy use has doubled since 2000, with 80% of demand is still being met by coal, oil and solid biomass.  The energy demand of the transport sector is expected to more than double by 2040, with 25 million new trucks on the roads in the next 20 years. By 2040, 300 million vehicles will be on the road in India.  [BP.com, 2021; EA.org, 2021].

7. CAUSES FOR ENERGY DEMAND Overconsumption Overpopulation Poor Infrastructure Unexplored Renewable Energy Options Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants Wastage of Energy Poor Distribution System  Major Accidents and Natural Calamities Wars and Attacks Miscellaneous Factors

8. EFFECTS OF ENERGY DEMAND Environmental Effects Increasing Prices of the Fuel Resources Political Disturbances The Effect on the Tourism Industry

9. SOLUTION FOR ENERGY DEMAND Move Towards Renewable Resources Buy Energy-Efficient Products Lighting Controls Easier Grid Access Energy Simulation Perform Energy Audit Common Stand on Climate Change

10. NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES

11. TYPES Fossil fuels (Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Coal) Nuclear Energy ( Uranium)

12. CRUDE OIL Crude oil is a raw natural resource that is extracted from the earth and refined into products such as gasoline, jet fuel, and other petroleum products. Another name for crude oil is Petroleum. It is also called as “BLACK GOLD”. Crude oil is considered to be the  “mother of all commodities”

13. FORMATION OF PETROLEUM Petroleum is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals. When plants and animals die, they sink and settle on the seabed. Millions of years ago, these dead wildlife and vegetation decomposed and got mixed with sand and silt. Certain bacteria helped in the decomposition of this organic matter and caused some chemical change.

14. Matter consisting largely of carbon and hydrogen was left behind. However, as there is no sufficient oxygen at the bottom of the sea, the matter could not decompose completely. The partially decomposed matter remained on the seabed and eventually was covered with multiple layers of sand and silt. This burying took millions of years, and finally, due to high temperature and pressure, the organic matter decomposed completely and formed oil.

15. USAGE OF CRUDE OIL Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG is used in households as well as in the industry. Diesel and petrol are used as fuels for vehicles. Diesel is generally preferred for heavy motor vehicles. Petrol is also used as a solvent for dry cleaning, whereas diesel is also used to run electric generators. Kerosene is used as a fuel for stoves and jet planes.

16. Lubricating oil reduces wear and tear and corrosion of machines. Paraffin wax is used to make candles, ointments, ink, crayons, etc. Bitumen or asphalt is mainly used to surface roads.

17. NATURAL GAS Natural gas is a mixture of gases (CH4,CO2,N) which are rich in hydrocarbons. Natural gas is invisible, has no odor and is lighter than air. Natural gas is not used in its pure form. It is processed and converted into cleaner fuel for consumption. Many by-products are extracted while processing of natural gas like propane, ethane, butane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc, which can be further used.

18. ELECTRIC POWER FROM NATURAL GAS

19. USAGE OF NATURAL GAS Heating Transportation Fuel Fertilizers Feedstock for Petrochemicals

20. COAL Coal is a non renewable fossil fuel that is combusted and used to generate electricity.  It is composed mostly of carbon and hydrocarbons, which contain energy that can be released through combustion (burning). Coal is the largest source of energy for generating electricity in the world. Coal seams exist on every continent. The largest coal reserves are in the United States, Russia, China, Australia, and India.  

21. FORMATION OF COAL The formation of coal occurs over millions of years via a process known as carbonation.  In this process, dead vegetation is converted into carbon-rich coal under very high temperature and pressure. It occurs in four stages

22. FIRST STAGE- PEAT This is the first stage in the formation of coal. It is an organic substance which is formed due to the partial decomposition of dead matter. The partial decomposition is due to the accumulation of the matter underwater which cuts off the oxygen supply.

23. SECOND STAGE- LIGNITE This is the second stage in the coal formation.  It is a dark brown matter formed due to the pressure exerted by the sediments overlying the organic matter. It consists of traces of plants

24. THIRD STAGE- BITUMINOUS COAL It consists of traces of plants It is formed due to the added pressure.  This is also called as soft coal.

25. FOURTH STAGE–ANTHRACITE COAL This is the fourth stage in the coal formation. It is formed due to the high pressure and high temperature for a long period of time. It is hard, lustrous and has the highest percentage of carbon among peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite. This is also called as hard coal.

26. THERMAL POWER PLANT

27. APPLICATION The coal power plant produces a large amount of electricity for our homes, hospital, industries, schools, etc. Coal has been used as a fuel source for locomotives for years.

28. NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear energy is a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons. This source of energy can be produced in two ways: Fission – when nuclei of atoms split into several parts  Fusion – when nuclei fuse together. The nuclear energy harnessed around the world today to produce electricity is through nuclear fission. Technology to generate electricity from fusion is at the R&D phase. 

29. What is nuclear fission?

30. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

31. NUCLEAR REACTOR The reactor is the heat source for the power plant, just like the boiler is for a coal plant. Uranium is the dominant nuclear fuel used in nuclear reactors. Fission reaction of Uranium produces heat in the reactor. This heat is then transferred to the reactor's coolant, which provides heat to other parts of the nuclear power plant.

32. STEAM GENERATION The production of steam is common among all nuclear power plants, but the way this is done varies immensely. Pressurized water reactors, which use two loops of circling water to produce steam. The first loop carries extremely hot liquid water to a heat exchanger, where water at a lower pressure is circulated. It then heats up and boils to steam, and can then be sent to the turbine section.

33. Boiling water reactors, the second most common reactor in power generation, heat the water in the core directly to steam.

34. TURBINE AND GENERATORS Once steam has been produced, it travels at high pressures and speeds through one or more turbines The rotation of the turbines is used to spin an electric generator, which produces electricity that is sent out the electrical grid.

35. COOLING TOWERS Their purpose is to reject waste heat to the atmosphere by the transfer of heat from hot water (from the turbine section) to the cooler outside  ai Many nuclear power plants simply put the waste heat into a river, lake or ocean instead of having cooling towers. 

36. USAGE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear technology Nuclear medicine Nuclear Technology is used in Industries Agricultural uses of nuclear technology Environmental uses of nuclear technology Biological Experimentations Medical diagnosis and treatments Scientific Investigations Engineering Projects Neutron Activation Analysis

37. ADVANTAGES OF NON RENEWABLE SOURCES Non-renewable energies are abundant and affordable. Non renewable energy is more cost-effective and easier to produce and use than renewable energy. Non-renewable resources are a significant source of energy. Wide Profits range from different oil sales, oil drill, coal mining, and natural gas pipeline construction. These resources are readily available for use for domestics activities.

38. DISADVANTAGES OF NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES They Are a Finite Resource They Pollute the Environment They Are Unreliable They Damage the Earth Residual Products Are Generally Non-biodegradable

39. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Pollution Greenhouse gas emissions Habitat destruction Radioactive waste The fuel of climate change  

40. ENERGY MANAGEMENT Energy management is the set of actions and processes aimed at optimizing energy consumption in order to rationalize and reduce costs without affecting consumers.  Energy management involves the planning of energy production and consumption. Efficient energy management and sustainability are truly important concepts in the development of an advanced society.  The better the energy management and savings, the greater the energy efficiency.

41. ENERGY MANAGEMENT GOALS Increase energy efficiency Comply with current legislation Reduce the ecological footprint Decrease consumption

42. BENEFITS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT Use less resources : Moderating the use of resources allows us to be more environmentally friendly. Save energy : Reducing energy consumption without affecting the quality of the service results in a higher level of energy efficiency. Produce clean energy : Generating renewable energy (such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, or sea energy) enables us to supply the population, while caring for the environment.

43. Reduce CO₂ emissions : Reducing CO₂ emissions, the gas that most contributes to the greenhouse effect, brings us closer to achieving our goal of becoming net zero by 2050. Save on your energy bill : Increasing energy efficiency and reducing  Electricity consumption translates into savings on your bill.

44. ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM It has four stages Plan : Conduct an energy review and establish the necessary goals and plans to achieve results that will improve energy performance. Do : Once the energy efficiency strategy has been defined, specific energy management tactics and actions are implemented. Check : Following implementation, all processes are measured and monitored to check the data obtained and report the results.

45. Act : With all the information collected, the necessary measures are taken to meet the objectives and improve energy performance.

46. ENERGY CONSERVATION Energy conservation is the act of reducing the usage and wastage of energy. Energy conservation is the means of reducing the consumption of energy. To reduce the environmental impact on society, energy conservation measures are being imparted. 

47. BENEFITS OF ENERGY CONSERVATION Saves the cost and lowers your utility bills. Prolongs the existence of fossil fuels. Protects the environment. Reduces pollution.

48. SOME TIPS Turn off appliances you know you will not use for an extended period. Replace old light bulbs with new LED ones. Turn off your computer if you will not be using it for a long period. Make sure that vehicle engines do not stay idling for an extended period. This consumes a lot of gas, which is a non-renewable resource. If you have a yard, plant trees and shrubs to form a natural barrier against sunlight.

49. THANK YOU