REPORT IN AGRI-FISHERY.pptxnjnjjwsfksfjskf

agri fishery

1. Soil Pore Space and Soil Water and Soil Properties

2. Objectives:

3. Introduction • Importance of soil in agriculture • Role of soil pore space and soil water • Overview of soil properties

4. Soil Pore Space • Definition: spaces between soil particles • Types: macropores & micropores • Importance: air, water, root growth

5. Macropores • Large pores >0.08 mm • Facilitate water drainage • Provide aeration for roots

6. Micropores • Small pores <0.08 mm • Hold water for plant use • Slow drainage

7. Soil Water • Gravitational water: drains freely • Capillary water: available for plants • Hygroscopic water: unavailable

8. Soil Texture • Relative proportion of sand, silt, clay • Texture triangle classification • Affects water retention and permeability

9. Sand • Large particles • High drainage • Low water-holding capacity

10. Silt • Medium particles • Good water retention • Smooth texture

11. Clay • Smallest particles • High water-holding capacity • Poor drainage

12. Soil Structure • Arrangement of soil particles into aggregates • Types: granular, blocky, prismatic • Influences porosity and root growth

13. Granular Structure • Small, crumb-like aggregates • Found in topsoil • Good for plant growth

14. Blocky & Prismatic Structure • Blocky: irregular blocks, moderate drainage • Prismatic: vertical columns, common in subsoil

15. Soil Aggregation • Process of particle binding • Improves soil stability and water infiltration • Promotes soil health

16. Soil Chemistry • Involves chemical composition and reactions • Affects nutrient availability and soil fertility

17. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) • Ability of soil to hold exchangeable cations • High CEC = high fertility potential • Influenced by clay and organic matter

18. Soil Reaction (pH) • pH scale: 0-14 • Determines nutrient availability • Acidic, neutral, or alkaline soils

19. Effect of pH on Nutrients • Optimal pH for most crops: 6.0–7.5 • Extreme pH can cause deficiencies or toxicities

20. Soil Salinity • Excess salts in soil solution • Reduces plant water uptake • Managed through leaching and drainage

21. Management Practices • Improve structure through organic matter • Maintain proper pH with lime or sulfur • Prevent salinization through irrigation management

22. Conclusion • Soil properties are interrelated • Good management enhances crop production • Understanding soil is key to sustainability