Report in The colonial Government of Spain.pptx

REPORT IN HISTORY

1. The colonial Government of Spain

2. Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years from 1565 to 1898. Since Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico, which was then another Spanish colony.

3. When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a Governor General, (GG). KING OF SPAIN GOVERNOR GENERAL PHILIPPINES

4. THE POLITICAL STRUCTURE Spain established a centralized government in the Philippines that was composed of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENTS that administered provinces, cities, towns and municipalities. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT: >maintained peace and order >collected taxes >built schools and other public works

5. THE GOVERNOR GENERAL > The Kings representative and the highest-ranking officials in the Philippines. Royal decrees and laws emanating from Spain were implemented in the Philippines. Had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally chosen by the King. Supervised all government offices and the collection of taxes. Exercised certain legislative powers Issued proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws REQUIRMENT: Must be a PENINSULARES or A SPANIARD BORN IN SPAIN

6. The Governor General and other government officials had so much power that it was commonly abused. To investigate the abuses, there were bodies created: >THE RESIDENCIA >THE VISITA >THE ROYAL AUDENCIA THE RESIDENCIA This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of Governor General who was about to be replaced. > The Residencia, of which incoming Governor General was usually a member, submitted a report of findings to the King.

7. THE VISITA The Council of the indies in Spain sent a government officials called the VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the King. THE ROYAL AUDENCIA The highest court in the land >served as an advisory body to the Governor General >had the power to check and report on his abuses >the Audiencia also audited the expenditures of the colonial government. >sent a yearly report to Spain

8. THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The Spaniards created Local Government Units(LGU) for the provinces There were two types of Local Government Units: ALCALDIA – ALCALDE MAYOR CORRIGIMIENTO – CORREGIDOR

9. The ALCALDIA , led by the ALCALDE MAYOR governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated. UNDER SPANISH CONTROL ALREADY SALARY: P 300 A MONTH DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR They represented the Spanish King and the Governor General. They managed the day to day operations of the provincial government. Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes. THE CORREGIMIENTO , headed by CORREGIDOR > Governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.

10. The ALCALDE and the CORREGIMIENTO Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the INDULTO DE COMERCIO or the right to participate in the GALLION TRADE THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Each provinces was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by GOBERNADORDCILLOS ( little Governor). MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and tax collection Four lieutenants aided the Governadorcillo: The Teniente Mayor( chief lieutenant) The Teniente de Policia ( police lieutenant) The Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields) The Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of livestocks )

11. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT GOVERNADORDCILLOS > They had SMALL SALARIES but were exempted from PAYING TAXES QUALIFICATIONS: > Any NATIVE or CHINESE MEZTIZO 25 years old Literate in ORAL or WRITING SPANISH Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Ex: Emilio Aguinaldo

12. THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT CABEZA DE BARANGAY OR (Barrio Administrator or Barangay Captain) Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio. Recruited men for public works QUALIFICATIONS: > Cabezas should be literate in Spanish > Have good moral character and property > Cabezas who served for 25 years were exempted from forced labor.

13. THE CITY GOVERNMENT Largest towns became cities called: AYUNTAMIENTO It became the center of trade and industry. The AYUNTAMIENTO had a city council called the CABILDO CABILDO is composed of: ALCALDE (MAYOR) REGIDORES (COUNCILLORS) ALGUACIL MAYOR (POLICE CHIEF) ESCRIBANDO (SECRETARY)