Report on Ethnographic Research - Taghoy, RV.pptx

Ethnographic Research

1. ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Reporter: RAMIL V. TAGHOY

2. ORIGIN OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Ethnography originated from cultural anthropology in the early 20th century. Ethnography, as a method, was primarily developed and popularized by the well-known anthropologist “ Bronislaw Malinowski”. This approach was further popularized by anthropologist “Franz Boas”, who was highly influential in the United States.

3. Ethno = people, culture Graphy = writing ETHNOGRAPHY

4. INTRODUCTION & DEFINITION “Ethnography is a descriptive study of a particular human society in their environment through the use of methods like participant observation and face-to-face interviewing.” Focuses on culture and values. Goal: In-depth understanding of culture. Generate rich and detailed social accounts. Ethnographers study the meaning of the behavior, the language, and the interaction among members of the culture-sharing group.

5. FEATURES OF ETHNOGRAPHIES Focus on developing a complex, complete description of the culture of a group. Focus on the actions, ideas, and beliefs expressed through language and how they behave within the group. When conducting an ethnography, theory plays an important role in what the researchers hope to find.

6. FEATURES OF ETHNOGRAPHIES The researchers collect data through interviews, observations, artifacts , etc. The researcher reports the participants’ views in verbatim quotes and synthesizes the data through the researchers’ scientific perspective.

7. TYPES OF ETHNOGRAPHIES Some Forms of Ethnography Confessional Ethnography Life History Auto Ethnography Feminist Ethnography Ethnographic Novels Visual Ethnography (photography, video, and electronic media)

8. TWO TYPES OF ETHNOGRAPHY (Popular Forms) REALIST ETHNOGRAPHY A realist ethnography is an objective account of the situation, typically written in the third-person point of view, reporting objectively on the information learned from participants at a field site. CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY Critical ethnographies are ethnographic research in which the author is interested in advocating for the freedom of marginalized groups in our society.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF REALIST ETHNOGRAPHY Traditional Approach. Used by cultural anthropologists. Reflects a particular stance taken by the researcher toward the individual being studied (characterized by Van Maanen ). The ethnographer remains in the background as an omniscient reporter of the ‘facts’ (what is observed). Narrates the study in the 3 rd person dispassionate voice.

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF REALIST ETHNOGRAPHY Reports objective data in a measured style uncontaminated by personal biases, political goals, and judgment. Researchers provide mundane details of everyday life among the people studied. Ethnographer uses standard categories for cultural description (e.g., family life, communication networks, work life, social networks, status systems) Produces the participants’ views through closely edited quotations. Has the final word on how the culture is to be interpreted and presented. Collect data through interviews, artifacts, drawings etc.

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY Advocacy perspective. Response to current society in which the system of power, prestige, privilege, and authority serve to marginalize individuals who are from different classes, races, and genders. Critical researchers are politically minded individuals. Seek through their research, to speak out against inequality and domination. Collaborating with participants to collect data that they provide.

12. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY Value-laden orientation, empowering people by giving them more authority, challenging the status quo, addressing concerns about power and control. Study issues of power, empowerment, inequality, inequity, dominance, repression, hegemony, victimization.

13. Two Key Methods to Collect Ethnographic Research Data 1. Passive observation Passive observation which can also be known as ‘shadowing’ is where a user or users are shadowed while they go about their everyday tasks observed by a researcher. 2. Contextual interviews Contextual interviews are where the researcher will interact with users while observing them going about their everyday tasks.

14. PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 1. Determine if ethnography is the most appropriate design for studying the research problem. 2. Identify and locate a culture-sharing group to study. 3. Select cultural themes, issues, or theories to study about the group. 4. Determine which type of ethnography to use to study about the cultural concepts.

15. PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 5. Gather information in the context or writing where the group works or lives. 6. Generate an overall cultural interpretation from the analysis of patterns across many sources of data. 7. Present the patterns of the culture-sharing group in written or performance formats.

16. CHALLENGES IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Extensive time for collecting data Difficult to choose the right sample for the information The honesty of the people The researcher may get Bias

17. CONCLUSION Ethnographic studies are a good way to really understand your users and the challenges they may face while going about their everyday lives. The research will give you insights to your users that you may not have seen if they were in a lab being asked to complete a task.

18. CONCLUSION Ethnographic studies can be costly and time-consuming, so making sure that you get the research method right is crucial to making sure that you are getting the research questions answered. Having conducted a study, you need to present your findings back in an informative and meaningful way that will allow teams to use the information to make informed changes, making sure that your own opinions have not come into the findings.

19. Thank You!

20. REFERENCES chrome-extension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj /https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/13421_Chapter4.pdf https://www.experienceux.co.uk/faqs/what-is-ethnography-research/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR2trZS20QSswW9l1TWrPrIHlm9oOnjXCz2piUHTO7aMS4ZFTR3v_KPKmUY_aem_AStEcbBKg5O5MlTU2fKxbpMxIIGabC13QpYQsCEj7wDar6Z67_2MjnCbj_uc3hBrDavhCxbxq3WhO3-rtXCteX8-